Assessment of retinal vascular network in amnestic mild cognitive impairment by optical coherence tomography angiography

Objective To assess retinal microvascular network impairments in the eyes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify relevant studies detecting retinal microvascular attenuation among AD, MCI patients and cognitively healthy controls (HCs) by OCTA. Data were extracted by Review Manager V.5.4 and Stata V.14.0. Results Eight investigations were included in this meta-analysis, with 150 AD patients, 195 MCI patients and 226 HCs were eligible for meta-analysis. Evidence based on these studies demonstrated that there was a significantly decreased vessel density (VD) of the Optovue group in superficial capillary plexus (SCP): WMD = -2.26, 95% CI: -3.98 to -0.55, p = 0.01; in deep capillary plexus (DCP): WMD = -3.40, 95% CI: -5.99 to -0.81, p = 0.01, VD of the Zeiss group in SCP:WMD = -0.91, 95% CI: -1.79 to -0.02, p = 0.05 and an enlarged fovea avascular zone (FAZ):WMD = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.11, P = 0.02 in OCTA measurements of MCI patients. Additionally, in OCTA measurements of AD patients, there was a significantly decreased VD in the SCP: WMD = -1.88, 95% CI: -2.7 to -1.07, p<0.00001. In contrast, there was no significant decrease in DCP nor enlargement of FAZ in AD patients. Conclusion Retinal microvascular alternations could be optimally screened in MCI patients detected by OCTA, which could be a warning sign of relative changes in the MCI before progressing to AD. Retinal microvasculature changes worth further investigation in larger scale clinical trials.

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Decreased Retinal Vascular Density in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) Study

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2020.572484 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xi Wang ◽

Qianhua Zhao ◽

Rui Tao ◽

Huimeng Lu ◽

Zhenxu Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Patient Group ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Patient Groups

BackgroundTo explore the retinal vascular density changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsWe recruit 62 AD patients, 47 MCI patients, and 49 cognitively healthy controls (HC) in this study. All participants in the study received a comprehensive ophthalmological and neurological evaluation, including global cognitive screening, as well as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and completed the following eye examinations: visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), examination with slit-lamp, fundus photography (Version 1.5.0.0, NIDEK CO, LTD) and Optical coherence tomography imaging (software ReVue version 2017.1.0.155, Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, United States). The visual rating scales for atrophy and white matter lesion in MRI was evaluated for all the patients with AD and MCI.ResultsIn the AD patient group, the superficial vascular density in the superior, inferior and whole retina was 44.64 ± 3.34, 44.65 ± 3.55, and 44.66 ± 3.36, respectively. These values were 44.24 ± 3.15, 43.72 ± 3.16, and 44 ± 3.07, respectively, in the MCI patient group. After multivariate analysis of the generalized linear model, adjustments for the confounding factors of sex, age, hypertension, diabetes and the quality index of OCTA image, the superficial vascular density in the AD and MCI patient groups was significantly lower than that in the HC group (P < 0.05): 46.94 ± 2.04, 46.67 ± 2.26, and 46.82 ± 2.08, respectively. No difference in the area of the FAZ among the three groups was observed (AD group: 0.34 ± 0.11 mm2; MCI group: 0.36 ± 0.12 mm2; control group: 0.33 ± 0.12 mm2, p > 0.05). The ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, inner parafovea thickness, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (p-RNFL) thickness were associated with the superficial vascular density. We found no significant correlation between the global cognition (MMSE scores) or between the Fazekas score and retinal OCT angiogram flow density.ConclusionThe superficial vascular density in the AD and MCI patient groups was significantly lower than that in the HC group. Our findings suggest the retinal microvascular dysfunction occurred in MCI and AD.

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Comparison of the retinal vascular network and structure in patients with optic neuritis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein or aquaporin-4 antibodies: an optical coherence tomography angiography study

Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1007/s00415-021-10609-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jian Yu ◽

Yongheng Huang ◽

Lei Zhou ◽

Jingzi ZhangBao ◽

Yuan Zong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽

Vascular Network ◽

Aquaporin 4 ◽

Optical Coherence

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Role of optical coherence tomography angiography in the characterization of vascular network patterns of ocular surface squamous neoplasia

The Ocular Surface ◽

10.1016/j.jtos.2020.03.009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 926-935 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zhiping Liu ◽

Carol L. Karp ◽

Anat Galor ◽

Ghada J. Al Bayyat ◽

Hong Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Vascular Network ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia ◽

Network Patterns

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Optical coherence tomography as a diagnostic tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease

Acta Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1111/aos.13972_453 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (S261) ◽

pp. 121-121

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Optical Coherence

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Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Iris Nevus: A Case Report

Case Reports in Ophthalmology ◽

10.1159/000450572 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 450-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Davide Allegrini ◽

Giovanni Montesano ◽

Alfredo Pece

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Case Report ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy ◽

Vascular Network ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Early Phases ◽

Iris Nevus

Iris nevus is common: 6% of patients with suspected iris melanoma have lesions other than melanoma, and 36% of them are nevi. Iris nevus turns into melanoma in approximately 8% of cases at a mean of 15 years. This case report provides the first description of an iris tumor examined with iris optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) compared to iris fluorescein angiography (IFA). A 60-year-old man with a diagnosis of iris nevus in the left eye was referred to our department for IFA and iris OCTA. The iris vasculature in IFA was visible only in the early phases, but not clearly. OCTA, however, gave visualization of the vascular network and very precisely defined the vessels of the whole lesion, except for the pupillary portion, which was masked by superficial pigment accumulations. IFA and iris OCTA can add information about the vascular architecture compared to slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and anterior-segment OCT. However, IFA is time-consuming and invasive and can – very occasionally – cause serious adverse reactions. In contrast, OCTA defines the texture of the iris vasculature better. In conclusion, OCTA is a new method, easy to execute, needing no dye injection, and provides useful information on the vascular network of iris lesions. It could therefore be helpful in the diagnosis and follow-up of these lesions.

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