scholarly journals Cardiac assessments of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico following exposure to Deepwater Horizon oil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261112
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Linnehan ◽  
Forrest M. Gomez ◽  
Sharon M. Huston ◽  
Adonia Hsu ◽  
Ryan Takeshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Cardiac Abnormalities ◽  
Oil Exposure

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill profoundly impacted the health of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, LA (BB). To comprehensively assess the cardiac health of dolphins living within the DWH oil spill footprint, techniques for in-water cardiac evaluation were refined with dolphins cared for by the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program in 2018 and applied to free-ranging bottlenose dolphins in BB (n = 34) and Sarasota Bay, Florida (SB) (n = 19), a non-oiled reference population. Cardiac auscultation detected systolic murmurs in the majority of dolphins from both sites (88% BB, 89% SB) and echocardiography showed most of the murmurs were innocent flow murmurs attributed to elevated blood flow velocity [1]. Telemetric six-lead electrocardiography detected arrhythmias in BB dolphins (43%) and SB dolphins (31%), all of which were considered low to moderate risk for adverse cardiac events. Echocardiography showed BB dolphins had thinner left ventricular walls, with significant differences in intraventricular septum thickness at the end of diastole (p = 0.002), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at the end of diastole (p = 0.033). BB dolphins also had smaller left atrial size (p = 0.004), higher prevalence of tricuspid valve prolapse (p = 0.003), higher prevalence of tricuspid valve thickening (p = 0.033), and higher prevalence of aortic valve thickening (p = 0.008). Two dolphins in BB were diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension based on Doppler echocardiography-derived estimates and supporting echocardiographic findings. Histopathology of dolphins who stranded within the DWH oil spill footprint showed a significantly higher prevalence of myocardial fibrosis (p = 0.003), regardless of age, compared to dolphins outside the oil spill footprint. In conclusion, there were substantial cardiac abnormalities identified in BB dolphins which may be related to DWH oil exposure, however, future work is needed to rule out other hypotheses and further elucidate the connection between oil exposure, pulmonary disease, and the observed cardiac abnormalities.

Response to Comment on Health of Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, Louisiana Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 4209-4211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori H. Schwacke ◽  
Cynthia R. Smith ◽  
Forrest I. Townsend ◽  
Randall S. Wells ◽  
Leslie B. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill ◽  
Barataria Bay

scholarly journals Adrenal Gland and Lung Lesions in Gulf of Mexico Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Found Dead following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0126538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Venn-Watson ◽  
Kathleen M. Colegrove ◽  
Jenny Litz ◽  
Michael Kinsel ◽  
Karen Terio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill ◽  
Lung Lesions

scholarly journals Correction to Health of Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, Louisiana Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (17) ◽  
pp. 10528-10528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori H. Schwacke ◽  
Cynthia R. Smith ◽  
Forrest I. Townsend ◽  
Randall S. Wells ◽  
Leslie B. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill ◽  
Barataria Bay

scholarly journals Simple echocardiographic scoring system to estimate left ventricular filling pressure based on visual assessment of time sequence of mitral and tricuspid valve opening

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Murayama ◽  
H Iwano ◽  
S Tsujinaga ◽  
H Nishino ◽  
S Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Filling Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Device Implantation ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Lv Diastolic Function

Abstract Introduction In the presence of elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressure, mitral valve (MV) becomes to open early and precedes tricuspid valve (TV) opening in early diastole. Accordingly, time-delay of right ventricular inflow relative to LV inflow assessed by dual Doppler system was recently reported as a parameter of LV filling pressure. We assumed that visually-assessed time-delay of TV relative to MV opening could be a simple and alternative marker of elevated LV filling pressure. Purpose This study aimed to elucidate the clinical usefulness of the 2-dimensional echocardiographic scoring system, Visual assessment of time-difference between Mitral and Tricuspid valve opening (VMT) score, in patients with heart failure (HF). Methods We analyzed 119 consecutive HF patients who underwent echocardiography and cardiac catheterization within a day. Elevated LV filling pressure was defined as mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) ≥15 mmHg. LV diastolic function was graded according to the ASE/EACVI recommendations. Time sequence of opening of MV and TV was visually assessed in the apical 4-chamber view and scored to 3 grades (0: TV opening first, 1: simultaneous, 2: MV opening first). When the inferior vena cava diameter was >21 mm and collapsed <20% during normal respiration, 1 point was added and VMT score was calculated as 4 grades from 0 to 3. We also investigated 113 patients without worsening HF at VMT scoring for cardiac events defined as worsening HF, LV assist device implantation, or cardiac death for 1 year after the echocardiography. Results VMT was scored as 0 in 20 patients, 1 in 50 patients, 2 in 37 patients, and 3 in 12 patients. PAWP was elevated in patients with VMT score of 2 and 3 (0: 10±5, 1: 12±4, 2: 22±8, 3: 28±4 mmHg, ANOVA P<0.001) (Figure). In overall patients, VMT≥2 predicted elevated PAWP with accuracy of 86%. When the accuracy was tested in patients with reduced (<40%, HFrEF) and preserved LV ejection fraction (≥40%) respectively, the accuracy was excellent in HFrEF (96% and 77%, respectively). Importantly, VMT≥2 also had good accuracy of 82% for elevated PAWP in 33 patients in whom recommendations usually cannot grade diastolic function due to monophasic LV inflow. In the sequential Cox models, the addition of VMT score to the model including the plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level and LV diastolic grading improved the predictive power for elevated PAWP (P<0.001). During the follow-up, 20 cardiac events were observed (6 worsening HF, 9 LV assist device implantation and 5 cardiac death). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the patients with VMT≥2 were at higher risk of cardiac events than those with VMT≤1 (log-rank test P<0.001) (Figure). Conclusions The VMT score was a simple and accurate marker of elevated LV filling pressure and has an incremental benefit over BNP and LV diastolic function grading. Moreover, it could be a novel prognostic marker in patients with HF. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Coping with oil spills: oil exposure and anxiety among residents of Gulf Coast states after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Goldman ◽  
John A. Kaufman ◽  
J. Danielle Sharpe ◽  
Amy F. Wolkin ◽  
Matthew O. Gribble
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Oil Exposure

Introduction: In April 2010, a fatal explosion on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in the largest accidental marine oil spill in history. This research describes the association of oil exposure with anxiety after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and evaluates effect modification by self-mastery, emotional support, and cleanup participation. Methods: To assess the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted the Gulf States Population Survey, a random-digit-dial telephone cross-sectional survey completed between December 2010 and December 2011 with 38,361 responses in four different Gulf Coast states­: Louisiana, Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi. Anxiety severity was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptom inventory. We used Tobit regression to model underlying anxiety as a function of oil exposure and hypothesized effect modifiers, adjusting for socio-demographics. Results: Latent anxiety was higher among those directly exposed to oil than among those who were not directly exposed to oil in confounder-adjusted models (β=2.84, 95% CI: 0.78, 4.91). Among individuals exposed to oil, there was no significant interaction between participating in cleanup activities and emotional support for anxiety ( P=0.16). However, among those directly exposed to oil, in confounder-adjusted models, participation in oil spill cleanup activities was associated with lower latent anxiety (β=-3.50, 95% CI: -6.10, -0.90). Conclusion: Oil contact was associated with greater anxiety, but this association appeared to be mitigated by cleanup participation.

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