Mappila literature as a paradigm for countercultures: Reading Moinkutty Vaidyar in context

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-39
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdul Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Early Years ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Reformer ◽  
Creative Genius ◽  
Twenty First Century

Abstract Recent studies on Mappila literature revisit Mappila culture in an attempt to understand the 'Mappila Muslim' beyond earlier representations by colonial and nationalist scholarship. Mappila literature is studied as a paradigm for understanding traditions of dissent and resistance by indigenous communities in colonized contexts. This article positions Mappila poet Moinkutty Vaidyar in a lineage of Mappila writings of resistance in Arabic, Arabimalayalam and Malayalam, and studies Vaidyar's works as a continuum of Mappila counterculture while also placing him as a link between two distinct eras in Kerala's literary history through synchronic and diachronic reading of Malayalam literary history. It critically explores the reasons behind marginalization of Mappila literature by mainstream academic studies until the early years of twenty-first century. While considering Moinkutty Vaidyar as a continuum of the Mappila counterculture, this research also presents a case for Vaidyar as an anti-orthodox social reformer, a secular thinker, a successor of the pāttu and bhakti traditions, a harbinger of romanticism and modernism in Kerala's literature and finally as the creative genius who created a new linguistic and literary landscape for Mappila society.

scholarly journals ESD for All: Learnings from the #IndigenousESD Global Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Katrin Kohl ◽  
Charles A. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
First Century ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
New Research ◽  
Perceived Outcomes

Abstract Education is recognized a human right for all. Though, Indigenous communities do not yet enjoy their full rights to education and are put at risk of losing their Indigenous culture and identity. A new research initiative, holding dialogues discussing the perceived outcomes of quality education in the eyes of several stakeholders, shows that access and retention in equitable and inclusive quality education as described in SDG 4 are highly valued. The research was jointly developed and carried out by researchers and Indigenous communities in 29 countries. Twenty-first century knowledge and skills are crucial for future Indigenous generations to create their livelihood and successfully engage in both Indigenous community life as well as mainstream society. Learning within formal school systems to understand their Indigenous heritage and keep the connection to their environment despite aspiring modern lifestyles, creates relevance which enhances both learning and retention. Beyond twenty-first century competencies, vital elements of education quality seen as relevant for Indigenous youth are aligned with education for sustainable development and applicable for all learners.

scholarly journals Body Surrogates: Mannequins, Life-Size Dolls, and Avatars

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Francesco Spampinato
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
First Century ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Material Conditions

One of the tropes of these early years of the twenty-first century is that of the avatar, a virtual representation of a human being used for entertainment, educational, technical, or scientific purposes. The avatar is a product of digital culture, but its origins are coeval with those of the human being and its evolution is affected by material conditions and the level of technology currently achieved by a given society. The origin of the word “avatar” has a spiritual connotation: It was associated with Hinduism and used to describe a deity who took a terrestrial form. More generally, however, whether in terms of religion or computing, we could define the avatar as a surrogate, a body—real or virtual—that replaces another.

Wieland; or, The Transformation of American Literary History

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Duncan Faherty
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
First Century ◽  
American Novel ◽  
Early American ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
American Literary History ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Early American Novel

By considering the centrality of Wieland in the development of American literary history, this chapter moves to reaffirm its importance for students of US literature. The chapter begins by surveying the major editions of Wieland, from the first modern edition in 1926 through the scholarly editions in the early twenty-first century. In so doing, the chapter charts how scholars have often recursively positioned Wieland as a bellwether text in the formation of narratives about the development of American literary history, a practice that is often predicated on positioning the text as either the first or the first noteworthy early American novel. In tracing the evolution of the critical reception of the text, the chapter moves to underscore how Wieland’s enduring contribution to our understanding of the development of American literature and culture remains Brown’s insistence on the fallibility of isolationist narratives to register accurate genealogies or histories.

Introduction: The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory McMahon ◽  
Sharon Steadman
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Early Years ◽  
First Century ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Group Language ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Twenty First Century

This introductory article presents an overview of the current book. The early years of the twenty-first century mark roughly a century of serious scholarly study of ancient Anatolia, and this book represents a synthesis of current understanding at the end of this century of scholarship. It documents close to ten millennia of human occupation in Anatolia, from the earliest Neolithic to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE. The book is also defined geographically, rather than by a culture, ethnic group, language, or polity. A brief description of its five parts is presented.

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