scholarly journals Possibility of long-term survival of African swine fever virus in natural conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 854-859
Author(s):  
Hranush Arzumanyan ◽  
Sona Hakobyan ◽  
Hranush Avagyan ◽  
Roza Izmailyan ◽  
Narek Nersisyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Virus Gene

Background and Aim: In modern scientific literature presents an understanding that African swine fever (ASF) ASF virus (ASFV) is remarkably stable in the environment, and carcasses of the pigs which were died after ASF, play a key role as ASFV reservoir. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the ASFV (different isolates) survival in bodies of dead animals, bones, remnants of bone marrow, residual organ matrix in natural conditions. Materials and Methods: Skeletons of ASFV infected pigs which were died and left/abandoned in forests or buried in Armenia at diverse time points and locations had been excavated and examined for the presence of ASFV genome by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and for infection abilities through in vitro (hemadsorption test and infection in porcine lung macrophages) as well as by intramuscular infection in healthy pigs. Results: Current exploration showed that in several samples (with different times of exposure) of excavated skeletons had been detected the presence of the virus gene (p72) using real-time PCR. However, in none of these porcine samples, infectious ASFV could be isolated. Data obtained by real-time PCR at frequent intervals indicated the presence of the virus gene (p72), especially within the case of the acute form of the disease. This can be explained by the highest levels of the virus during the latter case mentioned above. Conclusion: ASFV seems to be very sensitive to environmental temperature. The best place for ASFV long-term survival in the natural environment is bone marrow from intact big tubular bones (like femur or tibia) of buried carcasses. In artificial "graves," complete bones with not destructed bone marrow can preserve the virus gene (p72) for a very long time (more than 2 years). Infectious particles in underground conditions survive not so long: In complete bones with not affected bone marrow, possible presence of the virus for several months.

scholarly journals Hematopoiesis in Long-Term Survival Following Supralethal Irradiation and Bone Marrow Transplantation in Dogs

Blood ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. CHERTKOV ◽  
M. N. NOVIKOVA ◽  
N. M. NEMENOVA ◽  
V. N. MALANINA
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Development of a real‐time PCR assay for detection of African swine fever virus with an endogenous internal control

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2446-2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Wang ◽  
Lizhe Xu ◽  
Lance Noll ◽  
Colin Stoy ◽  
Elizabeth Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Pcr Assay

Busulfan/cyclophosphamide as conditioning regimen for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for myelodysplasia.

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2973-2979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R O'Donnell ◽  
G D Long ◽  
P M Parker ◽  
J Niland ◽  
A Nademanee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Allogeneic Bone Marrow ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

PURPOSE A non-radiation-containing regimen of busulfan and cyclophosphamide (BU/CY) was evaluated for toxicity, relapse, and long-term survival in patients who received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for myelodysplasia (MDS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-eight patients with MDS, including eight with therapy-related MDS, were prepared for BMT using BU/CY. RESULTS Fourteen patients remain in first remission 18 to 60 months posttransplant. Five patients relapsed after BMT, and four of these patients died. Eight additional patients died of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and 11 died of regimen-related toxicity, primarily systemic mycoses. Overall survival rate at 2 years was 45% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30 to 0.61), with a 24% probability of relapse (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.49). Regimen-related toxicity was manifested primarily as hepatic dysfunction in 72% of patients, with 16% developing overt venoocclusive disease (VOD). CONCLUSION Non-radiation-containing preparative regimens offer long-term survival in allogeneic BMT for MDS that is comparable to that of radiation-containing regimens, and are useful in patients with therapy-related MDS. Monitoring BU levels may reduce regimen-related mortality and improve survival.

Long-Term Survival and Late Deaths after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

1999 ◽  
Vol 341 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Socié ◽  
Judith Veum Stone ◽  
John R. Wingard ◽  
Daniel Weisdorf ◽  
P. Jean Henslee-Downey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Allogeneic Bone Marrow ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Healthy Donor Whole Bone Marrow Cells Preconditioned With Myeloma Patient Serum Support Long-Term Survival Of Primary Myeloma and Reveal Altered Microenvironmental Pathways

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 3118-3118
Author(s):  
Rakesh Bam ◽  
Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Sharmin Khan ◽  
Wen Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Healthy Donor ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Abstract Primary human myeloma (MM) cells do not survive in culture while current in vitro and in vivo systems for growing these cells are limited to coculture with specific bone marrow (BM) cell type or growth in immunodeficient animal model. The aim of the study was to determine long-term survival and interaction of primary MM plasma cells with a healthy adult human BM that include immune cells capable of functional activation. This system is different from the autologous BM culture that is already affected by the disease. Whole BM cells from healthy donors were cultured in αMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 10% serum pooled from MM patients. Following 7-9 days the cultures were composed of adherent and nonadherent cellular compartments. The nonadherent compartment contained typical BM hematopoietic cells such as monocytes, B and T lymphocytes and NK and normal plasma cells as assessed by flow cytometry, while the adherent compartment contained cells that morphologically resemble macrophages, osteoclasts, megakaryocytes and fibroblast-like cells. At this culture stage, CD138-selected MM cells from 20 patients were added to the BM cultures (4:1 BM:MM cell ratio) and survival and growth of MM cells were determined after 7 days by assessing proportion of CD45low/intermediate/CD38high MM plasma cells among total number of cells. MM and BM cell viability was constantly high (>90%) in cocultures. Subsets of primary MM plasma cells, regardless of molecular risk or subtype, were survived and detected in all cases while in 14 of 20 experiments, number of MM plasma cells was increased by 58±12% (p<0.0005, n=14). MM cell proliferation following long-term coculture was evident by the loss of cell membrane PKH26 dye or by BudR uptake in dividing cocultured MM cells. Growth of primary MM was superior in cocultures supplemented with patient serum compared to healthy donor serum. In additional study, we stably infected IL6- or stroma-dependent MM lines, or two primary MM cell cases capable of passaging in SCID-hu mice with EGFP/luciferase construct and demonstrated increased MM cell growth in all experiments in coculture using bioluminescence analysis (statistical significance range: p<0.04 to p<0.0003). Growth of OPM2 MM line was also enhanced in coculture compared to culture alone. The coculture conditions protected OPM2 cells from dexamethasone but not bortezomib while proportion of MM cell killing by lenalidomide was enhanced compared to culture of OPM2 cells alone. To assess the effect of MM cells on BM cells in coculture, global gene expression profile was performed on BM cells cultured alone or plasma cell-depleted BM after coculture with MM cells from 4 patients. Among the top underexpressed genes we identified immunoglobulin genes related to polyclonal plasma cells, extracellular factors associated with osteoblastogenesis (e.g. MGP, IGFBP2), WNT signaling (e.g. SOX4, LRP1, LRP6) and TGFb bioavailability (e.g. FBN1, LTBP1). Top upregulated genes include immuneregulatory factors such as PROK2, LRG1, OLFM4 and IL16, and cellular markers (e.g. ARG1 expressed by MDSCs). This culture system demonstrates the ability of primary MM cells to interact with and to survive in coculture with healthy adult BM that was first cultivated by patients' serum and is appropriate for studying MM-microenvironment interaction, characterization of MM cell subpopulations capable of long term survival and targeted therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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