Weaknesses of Malaysian public procurement: a review of auditor general’s reports

Purpose This paper aims to systematically analyze the weaknesses of public procurement in Malaysia as reported in the Auditor General’s Reports from 2011 until 2018. Specifically, the study examines the types of weaknesses, the modes of public procurement involved with the weaknesses, the procurement categories involved with the weaknesses and the key recommendations to mitigate the weaknesses in public procurement. Design/methodology/approach A document analysis was adopted in achieving the objective. The Auditor General’s reports and the reports of activities of federal ministries/departments published by the National Audit Department, Malaysia from the year 2011 until 2018 are the main documents used in this study. The data gathered were analyzed using frequency distribution and displayed with descriptive statistics and relevant graphs. Findings The findings of the study revealed that the top five reported are non-compliance to scope, specifications and terms of contracts; delayed completion/non-completion of project; poor documentation; low quality of products, service and work; and little or no prior planning. It is also found that direct negotiation mode was reported with the highest issues of public procurement, while the procurement mode with the least public procurement weaknesses is direct purchase. Moreover, it was found that work category is the highest with public procurement issues reported compared to supplies and services. The top recommendations given by the Auditor General were to improve internal control, to enhance monitoring, to establish planning in details, to improve assets management and to take appropriate actions toward contractors and procurement officers when needed. Originality/value This is among a few studies that attempted to systematically examine the main issues regarding the public procurement activities in Malaysia. This study highlighted pertinent aspects of the public procurement activities, which need close attention by the relevant authorities to ensure efficient and effective public procurement.

Prevention Village Fund Fraud in Indonesia: Moral Sensitivity as a Moderating Variable

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the internal control system, appropriate compensation, and the competency of the village apparatus regarding the prevention of village fund fraud with moral sensitivity as a moderating variable. This research is a quantitative method using hypothesis–inference to answer exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, and predictive analysis questions. Primary data are mainly used in this study. Data were collected using a survey method in a questionnaire with questions given to respondents to collect information. The sample of this research is the village office in 16 (sixteen) districts in Sumowono, Semarang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, with 289 participants. Data analysis was carried out using Warp-PLS 7.0 application software. The results showed that the village apparatus’s internal control system, appropriate compensation, and competency prevented village fund fraud. Furthermore, the novelty of this research is to add a moderating variable, moral sensitivity, which can strengthen the relationship between the internal control system, appropriate compensation, and competency of the village apparatus regarding the prevention of village fund fraud.

ANALISIS SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DAN PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU PADA KEDAI KOPI LEDOKAN di BINANGUN

Abstrac The accounting system is a tool used to organize or collect, collect, and conduct information regarding all company transactions, where employees, company activities, materials and machines can be integrated in such a way that supervision can be carried out. This study aims to find out how to analyze information systems and internal control of raw material supplies at the Ledokan Coffee shop in Binangun Blitar. The data used are qualitative data in the form of some basic analysis from field interviews. The results showed that the Ledokan Coffee Shop has good supply chain management capabilities as evidenced by the existence of suppliers who have long-term cooperative relationships with them. Keywords: Accounting Information System, Inventory, Internal Contro Abstrak Sistem akuntansi adalah alat yang digunakan untuk mengatur atau mengumpulkan, mengumpulkan, dan melakukan informasi mengenai semua transaksi perusahaan, di mana karyawan, kegiatan perusahaan, bahan dan mesin dapat diintegrasikan sedemikian rupa sehingga pengawasan dapat dilakukan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana menganalisis system informasi dan pengendalian internal persedian bahan baku pada kedai Kopi Ledokan di Binangun Blitar. Data yang digunakan adalah data kualitatif berupa beberapa analisis yang mendasar dari wawancara dilapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kedai Kopi Ledokan memiliki kemampuan supply chain management yang baik yang dibuktikan dengan adanya pemasok yang memiliki hubungan kerjasama jangka panjang dengan mereka. Kata kunci: Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, Persediaan, Pengendalian Internal

Determining Factors of Fraud in Local Government

The objectives of this research are to analyze determining factors of fraud in local government. This study used internal control effectiveness, compliance with accounting rules, compensation compliance, and unethical behavior as an independent variable, while fraud as the dependent variable. The research was conducted at Bantul local government (OPD). The sample of this research were 86 respondents. The sample uses a purposive sampling method. The respondent data is analyzed with multiple linear regression. The results showed: Internal control effectiveness has an impact on fraud. Compliance with accounting rules does not affect fraud. Compensations compliance does not affect fraud. Unethical behavior has an impact on fraud.

Sistem Pengendalian Internal Kas pada Klinik Utama Vincentius Kristus Raja Surabaya

The internal cash control system is important in a business unit in the form of a health clinic, because the cash element is one of the liquid current property accounts that can be used to finance the operational activities of the Main Clinic Vincentius Kristus Raja Surabaya. Research methods used by researchers in analyzing data in the form of primary data with qualitative methods. This research approach is carried out phenomenologically conducted by researchers with the aim that researchers can observe directly the reality that occurs so that they can obtain accurate information. The data collection techniques used is an interview with the head of polyclinics and clinical operations staff. Researchersvisit the clinic for observation and documentation. The results of the first study showed that the internal control system was already running in accordance with established financial procedures. The second result of the study is that the cash receipt procedure has all gone through the registration section except the dental clinic section. The third study showed that the implementing function in the operation of The Main Clinic Vincentius Kristus Raja Surabaya performs the trap of storage functions, especially in the dental health services section. The latest research results show the need for periodic monitoring or monitoring by the foundation, so that operational implementation runs smoothly and in accordance with the elements of internal control and the main clinic objectives of Vincentius Kristus Raja Surabaya can be achieved.

PENGARUH KEEFEKTIFAN PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL, ASIMETRI INFORMASI, KESESUAIAN KOMPENSASI DAN KETAATAN ATURAN AKUNTANSI TERHADAP KECENDERUNGAN KECURANGAN AKUNTANSI (Studi Kasus pada OPD Kabupaten Kendal)

This study aims to test the effectiveness of internal control, information asymmetry, suitability of compensation and compliance of accounting rules against tendencies of accounting fraud. This study used quantitative methods with primary data obtained directly from respondents’s answer to questionnaries. The population in this study is all the authorities and responsible for the use of budgeted fubds, accounting implementes and people whose duties are related to the preparation of financial statements and accountability reports ini OPD Kendal Regency. This study used purposive sampling method with 66 respondents as the sample. The data analysis method used in this study was multiple linear regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics 21. The results of this research showed that (1) The effectiveness of internal control has a significant effect on the tendency of accounting fraud, (2) Information asymmetry has a significant effect on the tendency of accounting fraud, (3) The suitability of compensation has no significant effect on the tendency of accounting fraud, (4) Compliance of accounting rules has no significant effect on the tendency of accounting fraud, (5) Effectiveness of internal control, information asymmetry, the suitability of compensation and the observance of accounting rules simultaneously have a significant effect on the tendency of accounting fraud.

Ratiometric Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Internally Controlled Duplex PCR for Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

The pathogenic bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is responsible for tuberculosis, which is well known as the globally leading cause of death. The likelihood of false negative interpretation as well as potential influence from intrinsic and extrinsic factors are considerably minimized by the incorporation of internal control (IC) detection in the developed assay platform. Ratiometric electrochemical (REC) biosensor for detection of MTB was developed based on the IC integration via duplex PCR (dPCR) and a dual-signal electrochemical readout. The MTB- or IC-specific PNA probe was labeled with methylene blue (MB) or ferrocene (FC), respectively at the C terminus, producing a strong square wave voltammetry signal. Interaction of the ICdPCR product could induce changes in the dynamics of these two redox-labeled PNA probes (MTB-MB and IC-FC) that were attached to the screen-printed gold electrode via formation of a self-assembled monolayer. Using this MB as a reporter and FC as an IC, the REC ICdPCR biosensor achieved a broad detection range from 10 fM to 10 nM and a detection limit of 1.26 fM, corresponding to approximately 2.5 bacteria cells. The REC ICdPCR biosensor was applied to MTB measurement in practical samples, exhibiting high accuracy and more importantly high practicability.

Environmental sustainability control system of economic entities

The monograph is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the environmental sustainability control system of economic entities, both internal (internal control services) and external (state supervision (control) and audit). Effective control of the environmental sustainability of economic entities carried out by audit organizations and internal control units in cooperation with state supervision (control) and audit of nature users is carried out in order to verify the compliance of the nature of their environmental activities, products and environmental management systems with current legislation, standards, rules, requirements in the field of environmental protection and to confirm the reliability of their reporting. Confirming the reliability of the reporting of economic entities, environmental supervisors are able to conduct an independent assessment of the environmental sustainability and effectiveness of the environmental activities of the audited organizations, issue their proposals and recommendations for making informed decisions by various stakeholders. The interaction of audit organizations with the internal control (audit) services of enterprises and state supervision (control) and audit bodies will contribute to the timely preparation of reliable accounting and consolidated financial statements by enterprises and increase the efficiency of their environmental activities. It is intended for researchers, students, postgraduates and undergraduates, entrepreneurs, managers and anyone interested in the problems of environmental sustainability control of economic entities.

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR INTERNAL CONTROL TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF FIXED ASSETS

The basis of the material and technical base of the functioning of enterprises are fixed assets. Therefore, the effective organization of accounting and internal control of operations with fixed assets is one of the important tasks facing the management of any enterprise. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodological tools for internal control of the movement of fixed assets at the enterprise, which contribute to the effective assessment of the accounting system and the conduct of control and analytical procedures. To improve the methodological support of internal control of the movement of fixed assets, an internal control working document (ICWD) “Test for assessing the accounting system of fixed assets” was developed, which allows you to identify critical areas of accounting with a high level of risk and determine the means necessary for conducting control procedures. The ICWD “Report on the presence and safety of fixed assets” and “Checking the execution of primary documents for the disposal of fixed assets” developed in the course of research allow the collection of information to confirm the reality of the articles of the financial statements; to establish the reliability of the facts of disposal of fixed assets and to guarantee the quality of original source documentation. To carry out control measures when checking the depreciation of fixed assets, testing should be carried out on the basis of the “Test for checking the correctness of depreciation” developed by the ICWD, using which you can promptly identify violations in the procedure for calculating depreciation. The proposed working documents will make it possible to carry out control procedures, accumulate evidence that can be used in the formation of a report on the results of the audit and the development of recommendations to improve the efficiency of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise

CONTROL SUPPLY OF THE COST-MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF ENTERPRISES

In modern conditions, a number of factors affect the activities of enterprises, which include a tough competitive environment, limited material resources, and the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. To improve its efficiency, it is necessary to minimize the costs of manufacturing products, performing work and providing services. Effective and rational internal control contributes to the solution of this task. In this regard, issues related to the organizational and methodological support of control over production costs are of particular relevance. The research was carried out in order to study organizational aspects and develop directions for improving the methodological support of internal control of production costs. As one of the internal control tools, it is advisable to use the internal control working document (ICWD) “Test for assessing the accounting system of production costs”, which allows you to collect information on the validity and reliability of accounting for production costs and calculating the cost of production; on the procedures used in the system of internal control over production costs and the effectiveness of these procedures; on the general principles of organizing the primary, synthetic and analytical accounting of production costs, on the rationing of material resources at the enterprise. To systematize the information collected during the internal control of primary accounting, the ICWD “Checking the primary accounting of production costs” is suitable. Using the ICWD developed within the framework of the study “Checking compliance with the norms of consumption of material assets in production”, it is possible to establish the validity of material costs and generalize the results of checking the norms of inventories for production. For internal control of work-in-progress, it is proposed to use the ICWD “Questionnaire for assessing the organization and accounting of inventory of work in progress”.