DOUBLE SIZE FULLJET FIELD RAINFALL SIMULATOR FOR COMPLEX INTERRILL AND RILL EROSION STUDIES

In this contribution the particle size distributions of the soil sediment obtained from soil erosion experiments were analysed. All the tests were done on arable topsoil&#8217;s, separately the size distribution of the soil aggregates and individual soil particles were evaluated. Soil erosion was initiated under the controlled conditions. CTU Prague laboratory rainfall simulator and field laboratory in Jirkov were used for this research. The rainfall was artificially generated with use of a nozzle type rainfall simulator. The sediment transported due to the surface runoff and rill erosion was collected from the discharge of the inclined soil erosion plots (slopes 20 &#8211; 34&#176;, slope length 4 m). During each experiment, eight samples were collected. Four samples were collected during the first experimental rainfall. For the next ten days, the container was kept aside the rainfall. Afterwards, the raining with the rainfall simulator on plot (which now had different initial condition compared to the plot during the first experimental rainfall as the plot already contained erosion rills from the previous episode) has been resumed and another four samples were collected. Experimental plots were vertically divided into two parts. On one part was an eel and on the second part were different types of rolled erosion control products (RECPs) &#8211; Enkamat 7010, and 7020, Biomac-C, coir fibres K700 and K400, jute, Macmat 8.1, mulch, hay, nonwoven, fortrac 3D and triangle. The influence of RECPs to the particle size distribution was investigated. Laser diffraction has been selected as a method to determine particle size distribution and device Mastersizer 3000 was used. By the comparison of the particle size distribution, of more than five hundred samples, the different response to the soil erosion mechanism and the influence of external factors (slope of the experimental plot, initial condition and presence of RECPs) on the particle size distribution and soil aggregates content in eroded sediment were investigated. It has been found that both the particle size and aggregates size distribution of the eroded sediment changes considerably in time. This research is funded by the TH02030428 - &#8222;Design of technical measures for slopes stabilization and soil erosion prevention&#8221; and by the International CTU grant SGS20/156/OHK1/3T/11.

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Photogrammetricaly measured sheet and rill erosion on steep slopes

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-17539 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tomas Laburda ◽

Petr Kavka ◽

Romana Kubínová ◽

Martin Neumann ◽

Ondřej Marek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Digital Elevation Models ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Rill Erosion ◽

Rainfall Simulator ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Before And After ◽

Steep Slopes

Soil erosion is a long-term problem that causes the degradation of the earth's surface depending on geomorphological and climatic conditions. Adverse combinations of these conditions can create situations where not only sheet erosion occurs, but also rill processes begin to occur due to the concentration of surface runoff. Erosion processes become undesirable and dangerous when they occur on construction sites. The presented project is basically focused on the effectiveness of protective geotextiles against soil erosion, but processes related to sheer and rill erosion were also investigated. The research was carried out on experimental plots of 4x1 meters, which were placed in the outdoor laboratory in Jirkov. These three plots were set at slopes from 22&#176; to 34&#176; and artificial rain was simulated on them using a rainfall simulator. A second experimental area of &#8203;&#8203;the same size was available at the laboratory rainfall simulator at the CTU in Prague, where a modern facility was created for the purpose of soil erosion testing on steep slopes. This device can create slopes up to 40&#176;.The photogrammetric method &#8222;Structure from Motion&#8220; was used for monitoring soil surface before and after each simulation. Orthophotos and digital elevation models were compared with each other to get digital elevation models of difference. Calculation of the ratio between sheet and rill erosion was done by manually creating rill polygons and by calculating the volume changes above the polygons of these rills and over the whole surface. According to preliminary results on these 4 m long slopes, the rill volume represented approximately 30 % compared to the overall volume change.Shifts of stabilizing natural geotextiles by surface runoff and eroded material were also monitored using photogrammetric methods. Deformations and displacements were measured from differences in the detailed images before and after the simulation. Transversal veins and their shift along the slope were evaluated.This research is funded by the TA CR &#160;- TH02030428.

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Suggestion for the Optimum Operating Methods of Rainfall Simulator through the Analysis of Raindrop’s Characteristics

Journal of the Association of Korean Geographers ◽

10.25202/jakg.5.1.5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 51-60

Author(s):

Jin Kwan Kim ◽

Jae Won Kang ◽

Gwan Soo Jeong ◽

Hoon Choi ◽

Min Seok Kim

Keyword(s):

Optimum Operating ◽

Rainfall Simulator ◽

Operating Methods

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Effect of Rill Erosion during Early Vegetative Growth on Winter Wheat Yield

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300040016x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 729-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P.E. Rasmussen ◽

C.L. Douglas

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Rill Erosion ◽

Winter Wheat Yield

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A rainfall simulator using porous pipes as drop former

CATENA ◽

10.1016/j.catena.2020.105101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 200 ◽

pp. 105101

Author(s):

Lionel Cottenot ◽

Pierre Courtemanche ◽

Amina Nouhou-Bako ◽

Frédéric Darboux

Keyword(s):

Rainfall Simulator

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Estimating storm erosion with a rainfall simulator

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s96-079 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 669-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

S. C. Nolan ◽

L. J. P. van Vliet ◽

T. W. Goddard ◽

T. K. Flesch

Keyword(s):

Soil Loss ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Rainfall Erosivity ◽

Slope Length ◽

Rainfall Simulator ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Plot Size ◽

Natural Rainfall

Interpreting soil loss from rainfall simulators is complicated by the uncertain relationship between simulated and natural rainstorms. Our objective was to develop and test a method for estimating soil loss from natural rainfall using a portable rainfall simulator (1 m2 plot size). Soil loss from 12 rainstorms was measured on 144-m2 plots with barley residue in conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage (ZT) conditions. A corresponding "simulated" soil loss was calculated by matching the simulator erosivity to each storm's erosivity. High (140 mm h−1) and low (60 mm h−1) simulation intensities were examined. The best agreement between simulated and natural soil loss occurred using the low intensity, after making three adjustments. The first was to compensate for the 38% lower kinetic energy of the simulator compared with natural rain. The second was for the smaller slope length of the simulator plot. The third was to begin calculating simulator erosivity only after runoff began. After these adjustments, the simulated soil loss over all storms was 99% of the natural soil loss for CT, 112% for RT and 95% for ZT. Our results show that rainfall simulators can successfully estimate soil loss from natural rainfall events. Key words: Natural rainfall events, simulated rainfall, erosivity, tillage

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THE EFFECT OF ANTECEDENT FREEZE-THAW FREQUENCY ON RUNOFF AND SOIL LOSS FROM FROZEN SOIL WITH AND WITHOUT SUBSOIL COMPACTION AND GROUND COVER

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss89-080 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 799-811 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

LINNELL M. EDWARDS ◽

J. R. BURNEY

Keyword(s):

Prince Edward Island ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Rainfall Simulator ◽

Fine Sandy Loam ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Sediment Loss ◽

Freezing Period ◽

Subsoil Compaction

Three soils from Prince Edward Island (a loam, a fine sandy loam, and a sandy loam) were tested under a laboratory rainfall simulator to examine the effects of frequency of freezing and thawing, winter rye cover, incorporated cereal residue, and subsoil compaction on runoff volume and sediment loss. Wooden soil boxes were subjected to simulated rain (i) at the end of a 10-d freezing period, and (ii) at the end of the 5th 24-h freezing period of a 10-d alternating freeze-thaw cycle (freeze/thaw). Where the soil was continuously frozen for 10 d, there was 178% greater sediment loss and 160% greater runoff than with daily freeze/thaw over the same period, but there was no difference in sediment concentration. Incorporated cereal residue decreased sediment loss to 50% and runoff to 77% of that from bare soil. Winter rye cover decreased sediment loss to 73% of that from bare soil. Simulated soil compaction caused a 45% increase in sediment loss. The loam soil showed 16.5% greater loss of fine sediment fractions <0.075 mm than the fine sandy loam which showed 23.4% greater loss than the sandy loam. Key words: Freeze-thaw, erosion, compaction, winter rye, cereal residue, rainfall simulator, Prince Edward Island soils

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