Aspects of floral modification and style-morph frequencies in a colonizing weed, Lythrum salicaria (Purple loosestrife)

1995 ◽  
pp. 471-482
Author(s):  
Tarun K. Mal
Keyword(s):  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife

Effect ofGalerucellaspp. on survival of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) roots and crowns

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Stamm Katovich ◽  
Roger L. Becker ◽  
David W. Ragsdale
Keyword(s):  
Plant Stress ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Galerucella Calmariensis ◽  
Galerucella Pusilla ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Severe Leaf

Starch levels, used as a measure of plant stress, were not consistently reduced in root or crown tissue of purple loosestrife plants after 2 yr of severeGalerucella calmariensisorGalerucella pusilla(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) defoliation. Early in the season, defoliation fromGalerucellaspp. approached 100%, but the majority ofLythrum salicariaplants regrew by the end of August, resulting in an average reduction of 81% of the aboveground biomass compared to the control. The stress imposed byGalerucellaspp. defoliation was less than that achieved from more severe stress imposed by mechanical shoot clipping at 2- or 4-wk intervals from June to October. Both shoot-clipping treatments killed the majority of plants after one growing season.Galerucellaspp. feeding reduced plant stature, which may reduce competitiveness. However, considering the extensive carbohydrate reserves present in the large woody crowns ofLythrum salicaria, it will require in excess of 2 yr of consistent, severe leaf defoliation to cause plant mortality. A combination of stresses, such as winter crown injury, or other biological control agents in addition toGalerucellaleaf defoliation may be required for plant mortality.

Influence of Nontarget Neighbors and Spray Volume on Retention and Efficacy of Triclopyr in Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Stamm Katovich ◽  
Roger L. Becker ◽  
Brad D. Kinkaid
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Central Target ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Vegetative Propagules ◽  
Target Plant

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the influence of plant density and spray volume on the retention, spray deposition, efficacy, and translocation of the amine salt of triclopyr in purple loosestrife. More spray solution was retained on leaves at 935 Lha−1than at 94 Lha−1at populations of 0, 4, or 8 nontarget neighbors. Spray coverage decreased with decreasing height within the plant canopy when spray cards were placed in the top, middle, and soil surface adjacent to the central target plant. Within a population, spray card coverage generally increased as spray volume increased. Regrowth from the crown was affected by spray volume, and uniform spray coverage of the plant was required for adequate control of vegetative regrowth and was achieved with spray volumes of 374 and 935 L ha−1spray volume. Regrowth of purple loosestrife was greater at 94 Lha−1at all three plant populations indicating that less herbicide penetrated the canopy to reach the basal portion of the plant. A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the translocation of radiolabelled triclopyr to roots and crowns of purple loosestrife. Only 0.3 to 1.4% of absorbed14C-labelled material was translocated to roots and crowns. Low spray volumes and dense stands of purple loosestrife would likely result in poor control because inadequate amounts of triclopyr reach the basal portion of the plant and translocate to vegetative propagules.

Winter survival of late emerging purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Stamm Katovich ◽  
Roger L. Becker ◽  
Jane L. Byron
Keyword(s):  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Purple Loosestrife

Isozyme characterization of genetic diversity in Minnesota populations of purple loosestrife,Lythrum salicaria(lythraceae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Strefeler ◽  
Elizabeth Darmo ◽  
Roger L. Becker ◽  
Elizabeth J. Katovich
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife

The Biology and Management of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbra H. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems

Purple loosestrife is an invasive, introduced plant that is usually associated with wetland, marshy, or riparian sites. It is found across the northern tier states and provinces in North America. Purple loosestrife affects the diversity of native wetland ecosystems. Infestations lead to severe wildlife habitat degradation, loss of species diversity, and displacement of wildlife-supporting native vegetation, such as cattails and bulrushes. The plant spreads effectively along waterways, and the thick, matted root system can rapidly clog irrigation ditches, resulting in decreased water flow and increased maintenance. Effective management of purple loosestrife along waterways and in riparian areas requires integrating management strategies to prevent further introductions, detecting and eradicating new infestations, and containing and controlling large-scale infestations. Management practices that aid in the control of purple loosestrife include herbicide, physical, and biological practices. Each infestation site should be individually evaluated to determine the appropriate control measure. Factors to be considered include the proximity and type of vegetation on the site, whether the water is flowing or still, and the utilization of the site and the water (domestic, irrigation, recreation, or scenic value).

Fungi associated with purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in Minnesota

Mycologia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Nyvall
Keyword(s):  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife

Crossability of naturalized and cultivated Lythrum taxa

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Ottenbreit ◽  
Richard J. Staniforth
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

Lythrum cultivars Morden Pink, Morden Gleam, and Dropmore Purple, and a wild population of Lythrum salicaria from Lockport, Manitoba were artificially self- and cross-pollinated. Success of pollination and fertilization was measured in terms of the percentage of resulting capsules and the average numbers of viable seeds per capsule. Germination tests were used to measure the viability of seeds produced as a result of successful crosses. Cultivars rarely produced seeds as a result of selfing but many crosses with wild plants or with other cultivars were fertile. As expected, legitimate (i.e., different style morphs) wild crosses were highly fertile, but other crosses gave high fertility, especially those in which 'Morden Gleam' was the provider of pollen or ovules. Although some sterility was indicated in 'Dropmore Purple' and perhaps 'Morden Pink', neither are sufficiently sterile to be considered safe for ornamental flower gardens. Most illegitimate crosses yielded greatly reduced seed outputs in comparison to legitimate crosses, but there were some exceptions. Germinability of ripe seeds from any cross was high and averaged 98%. Cultivars of Lythrum are capable of contributing viable seed and (or) pollen to the spread of purple loosestrife. The sale of cultivars, regardless of parentage, should be prohibited. Key words: purple loosestrife, Lythrum spp., interfertility, hybridization.

The influence of mycorrhizal colonization on the vegetative growth and sexual reproductive potential of Lythrum salicaria L.

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne J Philip ◽  
Usher Posluszny ◽  
John N Klironomos
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Purple Loosestrife

Lythrum salicaria L., purple loosestrife, is a heterostylous, perennial plant with prolific and at times invasive vegetative growth and sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction occurs following pollination and fertilization between two different floral morphs. We investigated the influence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus aggregatum Schenck and Smith emend. Koske, on the vegetative growth and sexual reproductive potential of L. salicaria. Mycorrhiza decreased plant biomass both aboveground and belowground. Flower production, number of days to anthesis, numbers of flowers per inflorescence, and inflorescence lengths were not significantly different between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatments. However, pollen production per anther and per flower increased with mycorrhizal colonization. Though ovule production was not affected, some aspects of purple loosestrife morphology did change. Plants with mycorrhizae produced inflorescence (in lateral positions) further up the stem. In addition, flower distribution within an inflorescence differed according to morph (short, mid, and long style) such that in the mid and long morphs flower number increased with inflorescence length and was unevenly distributed, while in the short morph this distribution appeared even. The relative biomass of stems, leaves, lateral branches, and reproductive structures were not significantly different in mycorrhizal plants, whereas in the absence of mycorrhizal colonization, stem biomass was higher relative to other structures. This study suggests some vegetative and reproductive characteristics in purple loosestrife change with an association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Key words: purple loosestrife, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant reproduction.

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