scholarly journals Soft structures of groups and rings

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanta Ghosh ◽  
Dhananjoy Mandal ◽  
Tapas Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Integral Domain ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Equivalence Relations ◽  
Zero Characteristic ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Divisor Of Zero ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Concept of soft equivalence relations (classes, mappings) are introduced using the notion of soft elements. Then we redefine the notion of soft group and soft ring in a new way by using the idea of soft elements and it is seen that our definitions of soft group and soft ring are equivalent to the existing notions of soft group [2] and soft ring [1]. The notion of soft coset is presented and validated by suitable examples. We investigate some important properties like soft divisor of zero, characteristic of a soft ring etc. by considering examples. Moreover, some necessary and sufficient conditions are established for a soft ring to be a soft integral domain and soft field.

WHEN IS THE INTEGRAL CLOSURE COMPARABLE TO ALL INTERMEDIATE RINGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MABROUK BEN NASR ◽  
NABIL ZEIDI
Keyword(s):  
Integral Domain ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Integral Closure ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Integral Domains ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Quotient Rings

Let $R\subset S$ be an extension of integral domains, with $R^{\ast }$ the integral closure of $R$ in $S$. We study the set of intermediate rings between $R$ and $S$. We establish several necessary and sufficient conditions for which every ring contained between $R$ and $S$ compares with $R^{\ast }$ under inclusion. This answers a key question that figured in the work of Gilmer and Heinzer [‘Intersections of quotient rings of an integral domain’, J. Math. Kyoto Univ.7 (1967), 133–150].

scholarly journals Relative Infinite Determinacy for Map-Germs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changmei Shi ◽  
Donghe Pei
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Target Space ◽  
Equivalence Relations ◽  
Equivalence Group ◽  
Contact Group ◽  
Smooth Map ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The infinite determinacy for smooth map-germs with respect to two equivalence relations will be investigated. We treat the space of smooth map-germs with a constraint, and the constraint is that a fixed submanifold in the source space is mapped into another fixed submanifold in the target space. We study the infinite determinacy for such map-germs with respect to a subgroup of right-left equivalence group and finite and infinite determinacy with respect to a subgroup of contact group and give necessary and sufficient conditions for the corresponding determinacy.

scholarly journals Boolean Zero Square (BZS) Semigroups

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Pinto G.A.
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Semigroup ◽  
Simple Semigroup ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Zero Element ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Equivalence Relations ◽  
New Class ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

We introduce a new class of semigroups, that we call BZS - Boolean Zero Square-semigroups. A semigroup S with a zero element, 0, is said to be a BZS semigroup if, for every , we have  or . We obtain some properties that describe the behaviour of the Green’s equivalence relations , ,  and . Necessary and sufficient conditions for a BZS semigroup to be a band and an inverse semigroup are obtained. A characterisation of a special type of BZS completely 0-simple semigroup is presented.

When is a fixed ring comparable to all overrings?

2020 ◽  
pp. 2250050
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ayache
Keyword(s):  
Integral Domain ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Integral Closure ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Fixed Ring ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

An overring [Formula: see text] of an integral domain [Formula: see text] is said to be comparable if [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and each overring of [Formula: see text] is comparable to [Formula: see text] under inclusion. We do provide necessary and sufficient conditions for which [Formula: see text] has a comparable overring. Several consequences are derived, specially for minimal overrings, or in the case where the integral closure [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is a comparable overring, or also when each chain of distinct overrings of [Formula: see text] is finite.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Nonlinear boundary-value problems for degenerate differential-algebraic systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
Sergii Chuiko ◽  
Ol'ga Nesmelova
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Boundary Value Problems ◽  
Algebraic System ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Weakly Nonlinear ◽  
Differential Algebraic System ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The study of the differential-algebraic boundary value problems, traditional for the Kiev school of nonlinear oscillations, founded by academicians M.M. Krylov, M.M. Bogolyubov, Yu.A. Mitropolsky and A.M. Samoilenko. It was founded in the 19th century in the works of G. Kirchhoff and K. Weierstrass and developed in the 20th century by M.M. Luzin, F.R. Gantmacher, A.M. Tikhonov, A. Rutkas, Yu.D. Shlapac, S.L. Campbell, L.R. Petzold, Yu.E. Boyarintsev, V.F. Chistyakov, A.M. Samoilenko, O.A. Boichuk, V.P. Yacovets, C.W. Gear and others. In the works of S.L. Campbell, L.R. Petzold, Yu.E. Boyarintsev, V.F. Chistyakov, A.M. Samoilenko and V.P. Yakovets were obtained sufficient conditions for the reducibility of the linear differential-algebraic system to the central canonical form and the structure of the general solution of the degenerate linear system was obtained. Assuming that the conditions for the reducibility of the linear differential-algebraic system to the central canonical form were satisfied, O.A.~Boichuk obtained the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the linear Noetherian differential-algebraic boundary value problem and constructed a generalized Green operator of this problem. Based on this, later O.A. Boichuk and O.O. Pokutnyi obtained the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the weakly nonlinear differential algebraic boundary value problem, the linear part of which is a Noetherian differential algebraic boundary value problem. Thus, out of the scope of the research, the cases of dependence of the desired solution on an arbitrary continuous function were left, which are typical for the linear differential-algebraic system. Our article is devoted to the study of just such a case. The article uses the original necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the linear Noetherian differential-algebraic boundary value problem and the construction of the generalized Green operator of this problem, constructed by S.M. Chuiko. Based on this, necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the weakly nonlinear differential-algebraic boundary value problem were obtained. A typical feature of the obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the linear and weakly nonlinear differential-algebraic boundary-value problem is its dependence on the means of fixing of the arbitrary continuous function. An improved classification and a convergent iterative scheme for finding approximations to the solutions of weakly nonlinear differential algebraic boundary value problems was constructed in the article.

Set of Necessary and Sufficient Conditions in Collision Attacks on MD5

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1617-1624
Author(s):  
Shi-Wei CHEN ◽  
Chen-Hui JIN
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Collision Attacks ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient
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