scholarly journals Recognising Devanagari Script by Deep Structure Learning of Image Quadrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 268-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seba Susan ◽  
Jatin Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Structure Learning ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Language Documentation ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Learning Module ◽  
National Museums ◽  
The Government

Ancient Indic languages were written in the Devanagari script from which most of the modern-day Indic writing systems have evolved. The digitisation of ancient Devanagari manuscripts, now archived in national museums, is a part of the language documentation and digital archiving initiative of the Government of India. The challenge in digitizing these handwritten scripts is the lack of adequate datasets for training machine learning models. In our work, we focus on the Devanagari script that has 46 categories of characters that makes training a difficult task, especially when the number of samples are few. We propose deep structure learning of image quadrants, based on learning the hidden state activations derived from convolutional neural networks that are trained separately on five image quadrants. The second phase of our learning module comprises of a deep neural network that learns the hidden state activations of the five convolutional neural networks, fused by concatenation. The experiments prove that the proposed deep structure learning outperforms the state of the art.

scholarly journals Predicting Station-Level Short-Term Passenger Flow in a Citywide Metro Network Using Spatiotemporal Graph Convolutional Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Han ◽  
Shukang Wang ◽  
Yibin Ren ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Metro Network

Predicting the passenger flow of metro networks is of great importance for traffic management and public safety. However, such predictions are very challenging, as passenger flow is affected by complex spatial dependencies (nearby and distant) and temporal dependencies (recent and periodic). In this paper, we propose a novel deep-learning-based approach, named STGCNNmetro (spatiotemporal graph convolutional neural networks for metro), to collectively predict two types of passenger flow volumes—inflow and outflow—in each metro station of a city. Specifically, instead of representing metro stations by grids and employing conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to capture spatiotemporal dependencies, STGCNNmetro transforms the city metro network to a graph and makes predictions using graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs). First, we apply stereogram graph convolution operations to seamlessly capture the irregular spatiotemporal dependencies along the metro network. Second, a deep structure composed of GCNNs is constructed to capture the distant spatiotemporal dependencies at the citywide level. Finally, we integrate three temporal patterns (recent, daily, and weekly) and fuse the spatiotemporal dependencies captured from these patterns to form the final prediction values. The STGCNNmetro model is an end-to-end framework which can accept raw passenger flow-volume data, automatically capture the effective features of the citywide metro network, and output predictions. We test this model by predicting the short-term passenger flow volume in the citywide metro network of Shanghai, China. Experiments show that the STGCNNmetro model outperforms seven well-known baseline models (LSVR, PCA-kNN, NMF-kNN, Bayesian, MLR, M-CNN, and LSTM). We additionally explore the sensitivity of the model to its parameters and discuss the distribution of prediction errors.

A Structure Learning Method for Block-Based Neural Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
pp. 1976-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Watanabe ◽  
Seiichi Koakutsu ◽  
Takashi Okamoto ◽  
Hironori Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Structure Learning ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Block Based

CNN-based Classification of Degraded Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 28-1-28-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Endo ◽  
Masayuki Tanaka ◽  
Masatoshi Okutomi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Image Restoration ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Degraded Image ◽  
Degraded Images ◽  
Straightforward Approach

Classification of degraded images is very important in practice because images are usually degraded by compression, noise, blurring, etc. Nevertheless, most of the research in image classification only focuses on clean images without any degradation. Some papers have already proposed deep convolutional neural networks composed of an image restoration network and a classification network to classify degraded images. This paper proposes an alternative approach in which we use a degraded image and an additional degradation parameter for classification. The proposed classification network has two inputs which are the degraded image and the degradation parameter. The estimation network of degradation parameters is also incorporated if degradation parameters of degraded images are unknown. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperforms a straightforward approach where the classification network is trained with degraded images only.

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