Pressure Swing Adsorption Based Air Filtration/Purification Systems for NBC Collective Protection

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beer Singh ◽  
Virendra V Singh ◽  
M Boopathi ◽  
D Shah
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Hydrogen Purification ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Pressure Swing ◽  
The Many

The respiratory protection against chemical warfare agents (CWA) has become a worldwide security concern in light of the many recent international threats utilising CWA. Till date the carbon filtration was adequate to protect the soldiers from the threats of CWA. With the advent of further advancements in the CWA a new threat is looming large that is known as the carbon breakers. pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a well-established gas separation technique in air separation, gas drying, and hydrogen purification separation. Recently, PSA technology has been applied in the area of chem-bio defence by virtue of its unique advantages. This article reviews recent advances and developments in the field of PSA based purification, separation, and its use in defense sector. This emerging and advanced PSA technology can provide regenerative nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) collective protection for ground vehicles, aircraft, ships and shelters. This PSA technology challenges threat scenario developed which includes nerve, blood and blister agents, as well as a “carbon breaker” agent, and proved that this technology will be a viable concept for future NBC collective protection systems. New technological breakthroughs and greater sophistication of PSA technologies will transform the collective protection based PSA technology in real field sense, addressing the escalating threat of CWA. We conclude this review with future prospects and challenges associated with PSA technology.

scholarly journals Advances in Pressure Swing Adsorption for Gas Separation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Grande
Keyword(s):  
Gas Separation ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Separation Technique ◽  
Hydrogen Purification ◽  
Pressure Swing

Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a well-established gas separation technique in air separation, gas drying, and hydrogen purification separation. Recently, PSA technology has been applied in other areas like methane purification from natural and biogas and has a tremendous potential to expand its utilization. It is known that the adsorbent material employed in a PSA process is extremely important in defining its properties, but it has also been demonstrated that process engineering can improve the performance of PSA units significantly. This paper aims to provide an overview of the fundamentals of PSA process while focusing specifically on different innovative engineering approaches that contributed to continuous improvement of PSA performance.

Breakthrough Studies of Methyl Salicylate and DMMP Mixed in Methyl Salicylate with Pressure Swing Adsorption Composed of 13X Molecular Sieves

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
G Swetha ◽  
T Gopi ◽  
S Chandra Shekar ◽  
C Ramakrishna ◽  
Bijendra Saini
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Pressure Swing

A test procedure for pressure swing adsorption (PSA) was established and elucidated for the air purification using methyl salicylate (MeS) and 5% (v/v) dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) in MeS containing air stream as feed. The effect of feed flow rate was studied by varying the flow from 5 lpm to 20 lpm, for both the molecules at 25 oC and 4 kg/cm2. The results revealed that the flow rate had a significant influence on the breakthrough time. A method was developed for the determination of feed, purge, and dry air composition, by the solvent extraction method using the XAD-2 and the average concentrations reported. The 13X molecular sieves were characterised for its structural and textural properties such as BET- SA, XRD, and FT-IR. The temperature programmed desorption of DMMP and MeS on 13X clearly demonstrated that it was easily regenerated at ~320 °C after prolonged field operation of PSA. The PSA results obtained with PSA composed molecular sieves appeared to give promising technology for air purification and specifically to the chemical warfare agents simulants.

Review about structure and evaluation of reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase inhibited with neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Daniel Figueroa-Villar ◽  
Elaine C. Petronilho ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Tanos C. C. Franca
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
The Many

Background: Neurotoxic chemical warfare agents can be classified as some of the most dangerous chemicals for humanity. The most effective of those agents are the organophosphates (OPs) capable of restricting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which in turn controls the nerve impulse transmission. When AChE is inhibited by OPs, its reactivation can be usually performed through cationic oximes. However, until today it has not been developed one universal defense agent, with complete effective reactivation activity for AChE inhibited by any of the many types of existing neurotoxic OPs. For this reason, before treating people intoxicated by an OP, it is necessary to determine the neurotoxic compound that was used for contamination, in order to select the most effective oxime. Unfortunately, this task usually requires a relative long time, raising the possibility of death. Cationic oximes also display a limited capacity of permeating the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This fact compromises their capacity of reactivating AChE inside the nervous system. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search on the data about OPs available on the scientific literature today in order to cover all the main drawbacks still faced in the research for the development of effective antidotes against those compounds. Results: Therefore, this review about neurotoxic OPs and the reactivation of AChE, provides insights for the new agents’ development. The most expected defense agent is a molecule without toxicity and effective to reactivate AChE inhibited by all neurotoxic OPs. Conclusion: To develop these new agents it is necessary the application of diverse scientific areas of research, especially theoretical procedures as computational science (computer simulation, docking and dynamics); organic synthesis; spectroscopic methodologies; biology, biochemical and biophysical information; medicinal chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology.

Machine learning–based optimization for hydrogen purification performance of layered bed pressure swing adsorption

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 4475-4492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsheng Xiao ◽  
Chenglong Li ◽  
Liang Fang ◽  
Pascal Böwer ◽  
Michael Wark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽  
Hydrogen Purification ◽  
Layered Bed ◽  
Pressure Swing

Thermally moderated hollow fiber sorbent modules in rapidly cycled pressure swing adsorption mode for hydrogen purification

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (20) ◽  
pp. 15227-15240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Lively ◽  
Naoki Bessho ◽  
Dhaval A. Bhandari ◽  
Yoshiaki Kawajiri ◽  
William J. Koros
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽  
Hydrogen Purification ◽  
Adsorption Mode ◽  
Pressure Swing

Numerical Analysis and Optimization of Oxygen Separation from Air via Pressure Swing Adsorption

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed M. Ghoreishi ◽  
Z. Hoseini Dastgerdi ◽  
Ali A Dadkhah
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Oxygen Separation ◽  
13X Zeolite ◽  
Oxygen Generation ◽  
Pressure Swing ◽  
Energy And Momentum

A pressure swing adsorption air separation process in a commercial aircraft using 13X zeolite with a more complex cycle than the classic Skarstrom was simulated via a predictive dynamic model to evaluate and optimize oxygen generation system. The coupled mass, energy, and momentum differential equations were discretized using the implicit central finite-difference technique and the obtained equations were solved by Newton-Raphson method. The validated model in conjunction with an optimization procedure (Successive Quadratic Programming) was utilized to investigate the oxygen separation efficiency as a function of β (ratio between the bed time constant and the particle diffusion time constant), Cfp (purge orifice coefficient), θcycle (cycle time), Cff (feed valve), Cfe (exhaust valve) and pH* (high pressure operation). A set of optimum values (β=150, Cfp=0.7, θcycle=1.5, Cff=31, Cfe=52 and pH*=3.8) was obtained and recommended to achieve maximum recovery (0.26) at 98% purity.

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