Chapter 1. Skepticism: The Big Picture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Lee Chao

In Chapter 1 and Chapter 2, we have done overviews about the issues related to online computer labs such as Web-based teaching and various Web-based teaching systems. We have also briefly discussed technology-based courses and the technologies that can be used in the development of WBT and online computer labs. Starting from this chapter, we will discuss issues in designing and developing online computer labs for technology-based courses. The first task in designing online computer labs is to determine what type of online computer lab should be developed. It all depends on the teaching requirements. The developed computer lab should meet the needs of hands-on practice and balance the support, cost, and the complexity of technologies. This chapter provides you with a systematic way of identifying the needs of an online computer lab. In this chapter, we will discuss various approaches to decide what the teaching requirements are. We will start off with the topics related to online computer lab development process which will show you the big picture about developing online computer labs. Then, we will walk through the topics such as identifying hands-on requirements, identifying resources, and assessing costs. Investigating these topics will help you decide how big your project is, what the growth rate is, what the costs are, if there is funding for the project, and what kind of support you need to get from the computer service team. The next topic is about project planning which deals with issues such as budgeting, scheduling a time line, forming a project development team, and implementing the project. This topic helps designers to deliver an efficient plan in developing a successful online computer lab.


2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-5

Abstract Spinal cord (dorsal column) stimulation (SCS) and intraspinal opioids (ISO) are treatments for patients in whom abnormal illness behavior is absent but who have an objective basis for severe, persistent pain that has not been adequately relieved by other interventions. Usually, physicians prescribe these treatments in cancer pain or noncancer-related neuropathic pain settings. A survey of academic centers showed that 87% of responding centers use SCS and 84% use ISO. These treatments are performed frequently in nonacademic settings, so evaluators likely will encounter patients who were treated with SCS and ISO. Does SCS or ISO change the impairment associated with the underlying conditions for which these treatments are performed? Although the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) does not specifically address this question, the answer follows directly from the principles on which the AMA Guides impairment rating methodology is based. Specifically, “the impairment percents shown in the chapters that consider the various organ systems make allowance for the pain that may accompany the impairing condition.” Thus, impairment is neither increased due to persistent pain nor is it decreased in the absence of pain. In summary, in the absence of complications, the evaluator should rate the underlying pathology or injury without making an adjustment in the impairment for SCS or ISO.


2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.


1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 870-871
Author(s):  
Valerian J. Derlega
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Christina Y. S. Siu ◽  
Shirley E. Clark ◽  
Ruth A. Sitler ◽  
Katherine H. Baker
Keyword(s):  

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