11. Knowledge and Empiricism in the Sixteenth-Century Spanish Atlantic World

Author(s):  
Leo J. Garofalo

This chapter examines how a diverse group of free and enslaved Africans and Afro-Iberians moved back and forth from the Iberian peninsula to the Americas. After discussing the significance of African presence in Iberia, it turns to Afro-Iberian pasajeros a Indias (passenger to the Indies) and their journey between Seville and various parts of the Americas with the help of merchant, ecclesiastical, and other elite patrons. It also considers sailors and soldiers of the Spanish Main who made their way to the Americas and back in regular fashion. By tracing Afro-Iberian roots in the Andes and elsewhere in colonial Spanish America, the chapter reveals some important characteristics of the African Diaspora in the Iberian Atlantic World. It argues that the African Diaspora made a significant impact on the sixteenth-century Spanish Atlantic world, courtesy of Afro-Iberians who were conquistadors, passengers, and laborers in the conquest and colonization campaigns. This means that not all blacks arriving in the early colonial Americas originated in West Africa and the Atlantic Islands.


2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-178
Author(s):  
Redactie KITLV

Constructing Early Modern Empires: Proprietary Ventures in the Atlantic World, 1500-1750, edited by L.H. Roper & B. Van Ruymbeke (Elizabeth Mancke) Havana and the Atlantic in the Sixteenth Century, by Alejandro de la Fuente with the collaboration of C


Author(s):  
Christopher Ebert

The concept of “Latin America” gained currency only in modern times, and its use as an organizing concept for the early modern period is limited. The best way to understand the involvement of the Dutch Republic in overseas colonizing efforts is through the idea of Atlantic history. This involvement was part and parcel of the fitful consolidation of the Republic in the latter decades of the 16th century, as the “rebellious provinces” took their war with Habsburg Spain to Spanish Atlantic possessions. A more sustained assault on the Iberian Atlantic began with the chartering of the first Dutch West India Company (WIC) in 1621. A short-lived invasion of Salvador da Bahia, Brazil’s colonial capital, was followed by a successful occupation of the rich sugar-producing captaincy of Pernambuco from 1630 to 1654. Dutch New York, by way of comparison, was a small venture. Grand schemes for large Dutch colonies in territories claimed by the Spanish and Portuguese monarchies came to nothing, and the WIC was reorganized in 1674 with more modest ambitions. The Dutch subsequently established a vigorous presence in Suriname, Curaçao, and a handful of islands in the Lesser Antilles embracing plantation agriculture, trade, and financial services. This bibliography examines Dutch Atlantic world historiography with a focus on competition with the Iberian empires, especially in Brazil. It also discusses works on other Dutch outposts, which are considered collectively as a “Caribbean zone,” whether mainland or island. Administered only loosely by the second WIC, these colonies became sites of vigorous interaction with all the other European Atlantic powers throughout the 18th century. Other sections list works on the Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade and slavery in Dutch colonies, the history of Portuguese Jews in the Dutch Atlantic world, and published primary sources relevant to Dutch Atlantic history.


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