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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kanyi Kihika ◽  
Susanna A. Wood ◽  
Lesley Rhodes ◽  
Kirsty F. Smith ◽  
Lucy Thompson ◽  
...  

AbstractDinoflagellates are among the most diverse group of microalgae. Many dinoflagellate species have been isolated and cultured, and these are used for scientific, industrial, pharmaceutical, and agricultural applications. Maintaining cultures is time-consuming, expensive, and there is a risk of contamination or genetic drift. Cryopreservation offers an efficient means for their long-term preservation. Cryopreservation of larger dinoflagellate species is challenging and to date there has been only limited success. In this study, we explored the effect of cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) and freezing methods on three species: Vulcanodinium rugosum, Alexandrium pacificum and Breviolum sp. A total of 12 CPAs were assessed at concentrations between 5 and 15%, as well as in combination with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and other non-penetrating CPAs. Two freezing techniques were employed: rapid freezing and controlled-rate freezing. Breviolum sp. was successfully cryopreserved using 15% DMSO. Despite exploring different CPAs and optimizing the freezing techniques, we were unable to successfully cryopreserve V. rugosum and A. pacificum. For Breviolum sp. there was higher cell viability (45.4 ± 2.2%) when using the controlled-rate freezing compared to the rapid freezing technique (10.0 ± 2.8%). This optimized cryopreservation protocol will be of benefit for the cryopreservation of other species from the family Symbiodiniaceae.


Nanoscale ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Jun Zhao ◽  
Junseong Ahn ◽  
Dongheon Lee ◽  
Chan Bae Jeong ◽  
Mingu Kang ◽  
...  

Suspended nanostructures play an important role in enhancing the performance of a diverse group of nanodevices. However, realizing a good arrangement and suspension for nanostructures of various shapes remains a...


Author(s):  
Jayse Shaw

LGBTQ+ individuals are a diverse group of people who have relationships that are equally as valuable as heterosexual individuals. By comparing the two groups, many similarities and differences become apparent. When examining LGBTQ+ relationships, one can identify many benefits and also many challenges. Overall, LGBTQ+ identities and relationships are fulfilling, complex, and valid.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Varsha Meena ◽  
Shivani Sharma ◽  
Gazaldeep Kaur ◽  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
Ajay Kumar Pandey

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is a large and diverse group of secondary transporters found across all kingdoms of life. Zinc-induced facilitator-like (ZIFL) transporters are the MFS family members that function as exporters driven by the antiporter-dependent processes. The presence of multiple ZIFL transporters was shown in various plant species, as well as in bryophytes. However, only a few ZIFLs have been functionally characterized in plants, and their localization has been suggested to be either on tonoplast or at the plasma membrane. A subset of the plant ZIFLs were eventually characterized as transporters due to their specialized role in phytosiderophores efflux and auxin homeostasis, and they were also proven to impart tolerance to micronutrient deficiency. The emerging functions of ZIFL proteins highlight their role in addressing important traits in crop species. This review aims to provide insight into and discuss the importance of plant ZIFL in various tissue-specific functions. Furthermore, a spotlight is placed on their role in mobilizing essential micronutrients, including iron and zinc, from the rhizosphere to support plant survival. In conclusion, in this paper, we discuss the functional redundancy of ZIFL transporters to understand their roles in developing specific traits in crop.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Sánchez-Jardón ◽  
Laura del Rio-Hortega ◽  
Noemi Núñez Cea ◽  
Mario Mingarro ◽  
Paloma Manubens ◽  
...  

To this day, merely 8% of all estimated fungi species are documented and, in certain regions, its biodiversity is practically unknown. Inside the Fungi Kingdom, macrofungi and lichens assume a critical part in the ecosystem functionality and have a historical connection to mankind's social, clinical and nutritious uses. Despite their importance, the diversity of these groups has been widely overlooked in the sub-Antarctic Region of Chile, a crucial area in the study of climate change due to its extraordinary biodiversity and its proximity to Antarctica. Few studies regarding both groups have been conducted in this sub-Antarctic Region and the data are still scarce and inaccessible, as these are only published in specialised journals, unreachable to local communities. This publication presents a records compilation available in previous published scientific and technical reports on macrofungi and lichen diversity. In total, 1263 occurrence records of 618 species (341 records of 251 macrofungi species and 922 records of 367 lichen species) were digitised and integrated into the regional platform Biodiversity Information System for Aysén (SIB-Aysén) and into GBIF. Here, we provide the fullest dataset on one of the most diverse group of living beings in one of the the least-known world regions.


Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Nivelo-Villavicencio ◽  
Jose Vieira
Keyword(s):  

Abstract As part of their behavior, various groups of species, including marsupials and other mammals, have evolved vocalizations, with varying degrees of complexity, for different communication purposes. Despite the growing interest in the bioacoustics of species, there are groups in which the study in this field is still unknown. A clear example is the genus Monodelphis, the most diverse group of didelphid marsupials. In this work we present the first description of the vocalizations of Monodelphis adusta, the only species of the genus registered in Ecuador, which shows the ability to produce audible phrases with different numbers of syllables.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingunn Skjesol

Norwegian Open Kindergartens facilitate access to professional advice and peer support, supporting parents to take part in collective learnings processes, renegotiate their roles and build social networks. Drawing on a study of five Open Kindergartens located in three Norwegian municipalities, this book chapter discusses how these spaces create opportunities to develop parenting skills and negotiate what it means to be a parent. Open Kindergartens are drop-in meeting places where parents and children take part in everyday activities as part of a diverse group. Open Kindergartens provide a space to learn parenting by doing, in a safe and non-judgmental environment, facilitated and supported by a range of professionals. This approach supports integration in local communities and contrasts with many parenting programs that are professionally led and often highly normative.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13434
Author(s):  
Eric Olo Ndela ◽  
François Enault ◽  
Ariane Toussaint

The virome associated with the corkscrew shaped bacterium Leptospira, responsible for Weil’s disease, is scarcely known, and genetic tools available for these bacteria remain limited. To reduce these two issues, potential transposable prophages were searched in Leptospiraceae genomes. The 236 predicted transposable prophages were particularly abundant in the most pathogenic leptospiral clade, being potentially involved in the acquisition of virulent traits. According to genomic similarities and phylogenies, these prophages are distantly related to known transposable phages and are organized into six groups, one of them encompassing prophages with unusual TA-TA ends. Interestingly, structural and transposition proteins reconstruct different relationships between groups, suggesting ancestral recombinations. Based on the baseplate phylogeny, two large clades emerge, with specific gene-contents and high sequence divergence reflecting their ancient origin. Despite their high divergence, the size and overall genomic organization of all prophages are very conserved, a testimony to the highly constrained nature of their genomes. Finally, similarities between these prophages and the three known non-transposable phages infecting L. biflexa, suggest gene transfer between different Caudovirales inside their leptospiral host, and the possibility to use some of the transposable prophages in that model strain.


2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (Autumn 2021) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Henry

Extracurricular science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) activities are an engaging way to introduce historically minoritized youths to STEM. In this article, I describe one such event, a Women in STEM Professional Night, designed to connect eighth-grade girls with women in STEM careers. This interactive event provides a personalized connection to STEM, helps combat gendered stereotypes, and builds girls’ self-identification with STEM. Best practices include a carefully structured event, inviting a diverse group of women STEM professionals, and intentional preparation of all participants to set expectations. These insights serve as a guide for Extension professionals interested in creating a similar event.


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