A New Source of Yellow Coloration of the Sunflower Plant Top and Its Importance in Breeding

Abstract Inbred line Mh174B with the yellow coloration of the sunflower plant top was produced by hybridization of annual wild species with cultivated sunflower. The aim research was to evaluate genetic control of yellow coloration of the sunflower plant top in combination with other morphological traits (branchiness, pollen fertility restoration and ray flower coloration). A total of four F2 hybrid combinations of were created: Сх1010А × Mh174B, Сх1012А × Mh174B, Сх2111А × Mh174B, Мх845А × Mh174B. Yellow coloration of the sunflower plant top was shown to follow a monogenic mode of inheritance and, presumably, be controlled by the gene y. This trait is inherited independently from such traits as branchiness, pollen fertility restoration and ray flower coloration. The mainstreams of use of yellow coloration of the sunflower plant top in sunflower breeding and seed production are discussed.

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Inheritance of fertility restoration of A4 cytoplasm in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) ◽

10.31742/ijgpb.80.1.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (01) ◽

Author(s):

J. Jorben ◽

S. P. Singh ◽

C. Tara Satyavathi ◽

S. Mukesh Sankar ◽

Jayant S. Bhat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Pollen Fertility ◽

Seed Set ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Fertility Restoration ◽

Duplicate Genes ◽

New Delhi ◽

Regional Centre ◽

Fertility Restorers ◽

Mode Of Inheritance

Present investigation was carried out to study the mode of inheritance of fertility restoration for A4 cytoplasm using pollen fertility and seed set per cent as criterion in determining the fertile and sterile plants. Two CMS lines of A4 cytoplasm were crossed with two fertility restorers generating four F1 crosses, namely, ICMA 99111 x PPMI 1003, ICMA 99111 x PPMI 1087, ICMA 03999 x PPMI 1003 and ICMA 03999 x PPMI 1087, their F2s and backcross generations. All the F1s were completely fertile indicating complete fertility restoration. F2s and backcross generations were evaluated at IARI, New Delhi and IARI Regional Centre, Dharwad during summer 2017 and χ 2 test was applied to test the significance. At both the locations, all the F2 segregating populations fit well into a Mendelian ratio of 15:1 indicating digenic duplicate dominance of fertility restoring genes with χ 2 value of 0.82, 2.90, 0.04, 3.97, 4.86, 4.98, 0.02, 1.26, 3.15, 4.98, 3.15 and 0.02. The F2 hypothesis was verified with the observed frequency of segregating plants fitting well into 3:1 ration with χ 2 value of 5.45, 1.93, 4.93, 0.60, 2.83, 0.44, 4.94, 2.77, 3.33, 0.13, 4.08 and 1.51. It is further confirmation of the findings that fertility restoration is indeed governed by two duplicate genes. Association between pollen fertility and seed set per cent was significant and positive.

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The ffs Allele Conditions Flower Stem Fasciation in Red Beet

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.527f ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 527f-528

Author(s):

I.L. Goldman

Keyword(s):

Genetic Control ◽

Inbred Line ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Female Parent ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Chi Square ◽

Recessive Character ◽

Variable Expression ◽

Red Beet ◽

Flower Stem

A fasciated flower stem character arose spontaneously during development of the red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) inbred line W411. The fasciated character is manifest by a flattened flower stem with petioles coalesced into a twisted, ribbonlike appearance. No fasciation is present in the vegetative stem or petioles. An inheritance study was conducted to determine the genetic control of flower stem fasciation. The inbred line W411 was used both as a male and female parent in crosses with four red beet inbred lines. Segregating progenies in both the BC1 and F2 generations were developed and scored for the fasciated flower stem character. Variable expression of the fasciated flower stem phenotype was observed in these progenies; however, the presence of flattened flower stems at the stem/hypocotyl junction was unequivocal. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests in both the BC1 and F2 generations did not deviate significantly from expected ratios for a monogenic recessive character for each genetic background. No reciprocal differences were detected for any cross in this group of four inbred lines, which suggests the lack of maternal effect for the fasciated character. The symbol ffs is proposed to describe the genetic control of the fasciated flower stem phenotype.

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Mutator-Induced Mutations of the rf1 Nuclear Fertility Restorer of T-Cytoplasm Maize Alter the Accumulation of T-urfl3 Mitochondrial Transcripts

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/143.3.1383 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 143 (3) ◽

pp. 1383-1394

Author(s):

Roger P Wise ◽

Carren L Dill ◽

Patrick S Schnable

Keyword(s):

Pollen Fertility ◽

Fertility Restoration ◽

Mitochondrial Rna ◽

Induced Mutations ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Fertility Restorer ◽

Restorer Genes ◽

Mitochondrial Transcripts ◽

Ecori Restriction ◽

Fertility Restorer Genes

Abstract Dominant alleles of the rf1 and rf2 nuclear-encoded fertility restorer genes are necessary for restoration of pollen fertility in T-cytoplasm maize. To further characterize fertility restoration mediated by the Rf1 allele, 123,500 gametes derived from plants carrying the Mutator transposable element family were screened for rf1-mutant alleles (rf1-m) Four heritable rf1-m alleles were recovered from these populations. Three rf1-m alleles were derived from the progenitor allele Rf1-IAl53 and one was derived from Rf1-Ky21. Cosegregation analysis revealed 5.5- and 2.4kb Mu1-hybridizing EcoRI restriction fragments in all of the male-sterile and none of the male-fertile plants in families segregating for rf1-m3207 and rf1-m3310, respectively. Mitochondrial RNA gel blot analyses indicated that all four rf1-m alleles in male-sterile plants cosegregated with the altered steady-state accumulation of 1.6 and O.6-kb T-urf13 transcripts, demonstrating that these transcripts are Rf1 dependent. Plants carrying a leaky mutant, rf1-m7323, revealed variable levels of Rf1-associated, T-urf13 transcripts and the degree of pollen fertility. The ability to obtain rf1-m derivatives from Rf1 indicates that Rf1 alleles produce a functional gene product necessary for the accumulation of specific T-urf13 transcripts in T-cytoplasm maize.

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GENETICS OF ISOZYMES AND ANALYSIS OF ISOZYMES LINKAGE AND MORPHOLOGICAL LOCI IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / GENETICA DE ISOFERMENTOS Y EL ACOMPLAMIENTO DE LÓCUSES MORFOLOGICOS E ISOFERMENTICOS EN GIRASOL / GENETIQUE DES ISOFERMENTS ET LIAISON DES LOCUS MORPHOLOGIQUES ET CEUX-CI D’ISOFERMENTS AU TOURNESOL

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia.2000.23.33.65 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (33) ◽

pp. 65-76

Author(s):

V.V. Kirichenko ◽

V.N. Popov

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Linkage Group ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Malate Dehydrogenase ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Fertility Restoration ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Esterase Loci ◽

Mature Seeds ◽

Male Fertility Restoration

SUMMARY The genetics of anodal esterase (Est), cathodal esterase (cEst), cathodal acid phosphatase (cAcp) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) has been studied in mature seeds and leaves (genetics of cAcp and Mdh has not been studied in leaves) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). A total of ten loci (four loci of anodal esterase, two loci of cathodal esterase, three loci of malate dehydrogenase and one locus of cathodal acid phosphatase) have been identified and described. Five esterase loci (Est1, Est2, Est3, Est4, cEst5), three malate dehydrogenase loci and one locus of cathodal acid phosphatase are expressed in seeds. Three esterase loci (Est2, cEst5 and cEst6) are expressed in leaves. The analysis of linkage between these loci has been made. Two linkage groups have been found. The sequence of the loci in the first linkage group was Mdh2-Est1- Est2-Est3-cEst5. In the second linkage group it was Est4-cAcp1. Linkages have been analyzed between three isoenzymatic loci expressed in leaves and between two loci controlling morphological traits (branched stem and male fertility restoration). The linkage between morphological traits and isoenzymatic loci has not been revealed. It has been revealed in Br-Rf pair.

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Study of the possibilities of using sunflower lines with different colours of seeds to create poultry feed

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia-2021-0016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Katerina Vedmedeva ◽

Tatiana Machova

Keyword(s):

Pollen Fertility ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Fertility Restoration ◽

Emerging Market ◽

Pollen Sterility ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Hybrid Breeding ◽

Poultry Feed ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Seed Colour

Abstract Sunflower is used for the production of oil, confectionery and animal feed. Birds are very fond of sunflowers and can be pests of sunflower crops, and are consumers of seeds. Sunflower poultry feed is an emerging market that determines the direction of breeding. Its development is based on the determination of bird preferences and the available variety of sunflower lines. This is what our research is devoted to. Experimental feeding of chickens with a mixture of sunflower seeds of different colours was carried out. Chickens have been found to prefer contrasting striped seeds with white and dark stripes more than others. The white colour of the seeds was eaten less than others. Studies of the genetics of sunflower colour allow us to distinguish two groups of lines by seed colour. The first has white seeds with the EwEwPP genotype, suitable for use in human confectionery and more protected from being eaten by wild birds in the fields. The second is striped seeds with the EstrEstrPP genotype, which can be fed whole seeds to birds. Donors of seed colour traits and other traits important for hybrid breeding were selected from the evaluated collection of sunflower lines. InK1039 line is a donor of small striped seeds and pollen fertility restoration. InK1587 line is a sterility fixer and donor of striped and early maturing seeds. To create hybrids with white seeds for human consumption and thus more resistant to ingestion by wild birds, white seed donors were isolated with KG9 to restore pollen fertility and I2K2218 in a pollen sterility fixer.

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