Spojka Kým V Sémantických A Komunikačných Súvislostiach

Abstract The study focuses on the communication-oriented analysis and interpretation of semantic and communicative (illocutive) functions of the Slovak conjunction kým [‘while’]. Research is based on the text material of the Slovak National Corpus containing synchronic dynamics of the sentence in which the conjunction kým [‘while’] expresses temporal and/or contrastive meanings. Kým [‘while’] is understood as a poly-semantic and poly-functional word which forms relations of limitative, successive, simultaneous and contrastive-simultaneous coincidence between an independent clause (P) and a whileclause (Q). Regarding the semantic functions of the conjunction, the study also discusses the function of temporal and pragmatic collocations, and complementary and competitive use of synonymous conjunctions. It verifies the connections between the actual dispositions of the conjunction kým [‘while’] and a dialogic or narrative interpretation, the choice of perspective and the sentence order. A part of the study presents the use of the conjunction kým [‘while’] in the communicative functions of assertion, direction, interrogation, satisfaction, commission and admonition. It demonstrates the dominance of illocutions which are based on the negative life experience of a speaker

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The Use of the Thai Final Particle Na by Japanese Learners of Thai

MANUSYA ◽

10.1163/26659077-02002002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 27-54

Author(s):

Sumintra Maklai ◽

Theeraporn Ratitamkul ◽

Thanasak Sirikanerat

Keyword(s):

Native Speakers ◽

First Language ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Final Particle ◽

Communicative Functions ◽

Linguistic Input ◽

Corpus Data ◽

Using Data ◽

Japanese Learners ◽

National Corpus

This research aims to analyze communicative functions of the Thai final particle na and to explore the use of na by Japanese learners of Thai, comparing to that of native speakers. The study consisted of two parts. The first part involved an analysis of na using data from the Thai National Corpus (TNC). The findings showed that na had three main communicative functions. It was used to soften the tone of an utterance, to emphasize an utterance, and to mark a topic of an utterance. The second part of this research concerned conversational data in a pair discussion task of 10 Japanese learners of Thai and 10 native Thai speakers. The results showed that, when different functions and contexts were considered, the use of the Thai final particle na by the Japanese learners was similar to that of the native Thai speakers. That is, both groups used na most frequently to emphasize an utterance and least often to mark a topic of an utterance. This could result from a positive transfer from the learners’ first language. However, it was found that the Japanese learners showed significantly fewer instances of na as a topic marker than the native Thai speakers. It is possible that its marked position and low frequency in the learners’ linguistic input as suggested by the corpus data made na in this function difficult to acquire. This research also pointed to the importance of proficiency in a second language as a factor affecting learners’ use of final particles in conversation.

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Kepribadian Ayub

SOPHIA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen ◽

10.34307/sophia.v1i2.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 95-108

Author(s):

Kalis Stevanus

Keyword(s):

Life Experience ◽

Life Experiences ◽

Personality Development ◽

Literature Study ◽

Internal Factors ◽

Study Approach ◽

Individual Personality ◽

Biblical Study ◽

Narrative Interpretation ◽

Interpretation Method

Individual personality development is influenced by various factors, there are internal factors and external factors. This paper aims to determine whether a unique life experience, namely suffering, can influence the formation of a person's personality. This study uses a biblical study approach to the story of Job in the book of Ayub with a narrative interpretation method and also uses a literature study approach. It is evident that unpleasant life experiences such as the suffering that befell Job do not change Job's good personality. Job was a godly and honest man; fear Allah and shun evil; a person of sincerity or integrity; an optimist; a generous person; and a man who is loyal to his wife

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Language assessment and the inseparability of lexis and grammar: Focus on the construct of speaking

Language Testing ◽

10.1177/0265532217711431 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 477-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ute Römer

Keyword(s):

High Stakes ◽

Spoken English ◽

Communicative Functions ◽

Speaking Assessment ◽

Different Types ◽

British National Corpus ◽

Grammatical Structures ◽

Core Features ◽

National Corpus

This paper aims to connect recent corpus research on phraseology with current language testing practice. It discusses how corpora and corpus-analytic techniques can illuminate central aspects of speech and help in conceptualizing the notion of lexicogrammar in second language speaking assessment. The description of speech and some of its core features is based on the 1.8-million-word Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE) and on the 10-million-word spoken component of the British National Corpus (BNC). Analyses of word frequency and keyword lists are followed by an automatic extraction of different types of phraseological items that are particularly common in speech and serve important communicative functions. These corpus explorations provide evidence for the strong interconnectedness of lexical items and grammatical structures in natural language. Based on the assumption that the existence of lexicogrammatical patterns is of relevance for constructs of speaking tests, the paper then reviews rubrics of popular high-stakes speaking tests and critically discusses how far these rubrics capture the central aspects of spoken language identified in the corpus analyses as well as the centrality of phraseology in language. It closes with recommendations for speaking assessment in the light of this characterization of real-world spoken lexicogrammar.

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Articulation Training: A New Perspective

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1003.145 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 145-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sallie W. Hillard ◽

Laura P. Goepfert

Keyword(s):

Life Experience ◽

Remediation Measures ◽

New Perspective

This paper describes the concept of teaching articulation through words which have inherent meaning to a child’s life experience, such as a semantically potent word approach. The approach was used with six children. Comparison of pre/post remediation measures indicated that it has promise as a technique for facilitating increased correct phoneme production.

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