Emotion regulation strategies in trauma-related disorders: pathways linking neurobiology and clinical manifestations

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía del Río-Casanova ◽  
Anabel González ◽  
Mario Páramo ◽  
Annemiek Van Dijke ◽  
Julio Brenlla
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Encompassing Model

AbstractEmotion regulation impairments with traumatic origins have mainly been studied from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) models by studying cases of adult onset and single-incident trauma exposure. The effects of adverse traumatic experiences, however, go beyond the PTSD. Different authors have proposed that PTSD, borderline personality, dissociative, conversive and somatoform disorders constitute a full spectrum of trauma-related conditions. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the neurobiological findings covering this posttraumatic spectrum is needed in order to develop an all-encompassing model for trauma-related disorders with emotion regulation at its center. The present review has sought to link neurobiology findings concerning cortico-limbic function to the field of emotion regulation. In so doing, trauma-related disorders have been placed in a continuum between under- and over-regulation of affect strategies. Under-regulation of affect was predominant in borderline personality disorder, PTSD with re-experiencing symptoms and positive psychoform and somatoform dissociative symptoms. Over-regulation of affect was more prevalent in somatoform disorders and pathologies characterized by negative psychoform and somatoform symptoms. Throughout this continuum, different combinations between under- and over-regulation of affect strategies were also found.

The Mediator Role of Negative Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies between Interpersonal Problems and Borderline Personality Beliefs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miray Akyunus ◽  
Tülin Gençöz ◽  
Selin Karakose
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Mediator Role ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Personality Beliefs

Interpersonal difficulties and emotion regulation are the core characteristics of the borderline personality disorders (BPD). However, how emotion regulation strategies contribute to the association between interpersonal problems and borderline personality symptomatology have not been well-addressed in the literature. The aim of the current study is to examine the mediator role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies between interpersonal problems and borderline personality beliefs. The study consisted of 648 (381 women and 267 male) people from Turkey. In addition to Socio Demographic Form, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales (IIP-32) and Borderline Personality Belief Subscale (PBQ) were used to collect data from participants. Results showed that negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies, particularly catastrophization, blaming-others and self-blame mediated the relationship between interpersonal problems and borderline personality beliefs. With the cognitive level of assessment, the findings of the current study provide enlightening information to understand the underlying processes of the borderline personality pattern, as well as promising clinical implications to improve intervention programs within cognitive therapy approaches.

scholarly journals Optimizing emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder: why and when strategies do and do not work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skyler Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Mindful Awareness ◽  
Regulation Strategies

This dissertation aimed to delineate ways to optimize emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder (BPD) by 1) identifying factors that influence general emotion regulation effectiveness and 2) examining whether these factors predict differential effectiveness of two classes of emotion regulation strategies: engagement (i.e., engaging with emotional content) versus disengagement (i.e., shifting attention away from emotional content) strategies. Factors that occur before (i.e., antecedent-focused) and after (i.e., response-focused) emotion provocation were examined. Specifically, four predictors of general and differential emotion regulation effectiveness were identified: antecedent-focused sleep quality (impaired sleep efficiency and rated sleep quality), antecedent-focused biology (basal vagal tone), antecedent-focused emotion (baseline emotional intensity), and response-focused emotion (emotional reactivity). Secondary analyses also investigated whether the relationships of these factors to general and differential emotion regulation effectiveness varied across BPD and healthy control (HC) groups. A sample of individuals with BPD (n = 40) and matched HCs (n = 40) completed a weeklong assessment of sleep efficiency and quality and then participated in an experimental procedure. First, basal vagal tone and baseline emotional intensity data were collected. Following, participants were trained to use two BPD-relevant emotion regulation strategies, mindful awareness (engagement strategy) and distraction (disengagement strategy), in response to negative emotion inductions. Emotional reactivity in response to the inductions, and the extent to which emotion was decreased using the strategies following the inductions (i.e., emotion regulation effectiveness), was examined. Emotion was measured comprehensively across self-report, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and behavioural/expressive domains. Results indicated that sleep efficiency and rated sleep quality predicted differential emotion regulation effectiveness as they improved distraction but not mindful awareness effectiveness across groups. As well, higher basal vagal tone and emotional reactivity predicted improved emotion regulation effectiveness across strategies and groups. Findings suggest that targeting sleep quality may specifically facilitate the attention mechanisms required for effective use of distraction in BPD. They also suggest that identifying ways to increase vagal tone may potentiate the emotion regulation capacity of individuals with BPD. Finally, results indicate that high emotional reactions may not necessarily be problematic and, in fact, may mark a particularly fluid emotional system that is responsive to emotion regulation attempts.

scholarly journals Optimizing emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder: why and when strategies do and do not work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skyler Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Mindful Awareness ◽  
Regulation Strategies

This dissertation aimed to delineate ways to optimize emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder (BPD) by 1) identifying factors that influence general emotion regulation effectiveness and 2) examining whether these factors predict differential effectiveness of two classes of emotion regulation strategies: engagement (i.e., engaging with emotional content) versus disengagement (i.e., shifting attention away from emotional content) strategies. Factors that occur before (i.e., antecedent-focused) and after (i.e., response-focused) emotion provocation were examined. Specifically, four predictors of general and differential emotion regulation effectiveness were identified: antecedent-focused sleep quality (impaired sleep efficiency and rated sleep quality), antecedent-focused biology (basal vagal tone), antecedent-focused emotion (baseline emotional intensity), and response-focused emotion (emotional reactivity). Secondary analyses also investigated whether the relationships of these factors to general and differential emotion regulation effectiveness varied across BPD and healthy control (HC) groups. A sample of individuals with BPD (n = 40) and matched HCs (n = 40) completed a weeklong assessment of sleep efficiency and quality and then participated in an experimental procedure. First, basal vagal tone and baseline emotional intensity data were collected. Following, participants were trained to use two BPD-relevant emotion regulation strategies, mindful awareness (engagement strategy) and distraction (disengagement strategy), in response to negative emotion inductions. Emotional reactivity in response to the inductions, and the extent to which emotion was decreased using the strategies following the inductions (i.e., emotion regulation effectiveness), was examined. Emotion was measured comprehensively across self-report, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and behavioural/expressive domains. Results indicated that sleep efficiency and rated sleep quality predicted differential emotion regulation effectiveness as they improved distraction but not mindful awareness effectiveness across groups. As well, higher basal vagal tone and emotional reactivity predicted improved emotion regulation effectiveness across strategies and groups. Findings suggest that targeting sleep quality may specifically facilitate the attention mechanisms required for effective use of distraction in BPD. They also suggest that identifying ways to increase vagal tone may potentiate the emotion regulation capacity of individuals with BPD. Finally, results indicate that high emotional reactions may not necessarily be problematic and, in fact, may mark a particularly fluid emotional system that is responsive to emotion regulation attempts.

Emotion regulation as a main mechanism of change in psychotherapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natali Moyal ◽  
Noga Cohen ◽  
Avishai Henik ◽  
Gideon E. Anholt
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Plausible Mechanism ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Regulation Strategies

AbstractA model that suggests reconsolidation of traumatic memories as a mechanism of change in therapy is important, but problematic to generalize to disorders other than post-traumatic and acute-stress disorder. We suggest that a more plausible mechanism of change in psychotherapy is acquisition of adaptive emotion regulation strategies.

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