scholarly journals Correlation Between Pulpal and Carotid Arteries Blood Flow in Two Age Groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Bojan Dželetović ◽  
Nikola Aleksić ◽  
Djurica Grga ◽  
Tatjana Savić-Stanković ◽  
Ivana Milanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Introduction Vascular network of dental pulp is supplied through common and external carotid artery and terminal dental branches that supply each pulp tissue. Age related changes of pulp tissue influence pulpal vascularization as well. The aim of this study was to compare and correlate pulpal and common and external carotid artery blood flow in young and middle age individuals of general population. Material and Methods Two groups of 10 participants were included in the study, young (20-25 years) and middle age (50-55 years) group. Pulpal blood flow (PBF) measurements on intact right and left upper central incisors were performed using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) method. Carotid arteries blood flow was assessed using carotid ultrasonography. Results PBF levels were significantly higher in young (3.11±0.67 and 3.46±1.11, right and left upper central incisors, respectively) compared to middle age (1.93±0.47 and 2.30±0.64, right and left upper central incisors, respectively) participants (independent sample t test; p<0.05). There was no correlation between common and external carotid artery blood flow and upper central incisors PBF in young as well as middle age participants, for right or left side. Conclusion Absence of correlation between carotid arteries blood flow and PBF suggests that reduced PBF in middle age participants was probably not due to reduced blood supply from carotid arteries but it was result of age related changes at the level of pulpal blood vessels.

scholarly journals Effect of increases in cardiac contractility on cerebral blood flow in humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (6) ◽  
pp. H1155-H1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiko Ogoh ◽  
Gilbert Moralez ◽  
Takuro Washio ◽  
Satyam Sarma ◽  
Michinari Hieda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Artery Blood Flow

The effect of acute increases in cardiac contractility on cerebral blood flow (CBF) remains unknown. We hypothesized that the external carotid artery (ECA) downstream vasculature modifies the direct influence of acute increases in heart rate and cardiac function on CBF regulation. Twelve healthy subjects received two infusions of dobutamine [first a low dose (5 μg·kg−1·min−1) and then a high dose (15 μg·kg−1·min−1)] for 12 min each. Cardiac output, blood flow through the internal carotid artery (ICA) and ECA, and echocardiographic measurements were performed during dobutamine infusions. Despite increases in cardiac contractility, cardiac output, and arterial pressure with dobutamine, ICA blood flow and conductance slightly decreased from resting baseline during both low- and high-dose infusions. In contrast, ECA blood flow and conductance increased appreciably during both low- and high-dose infusions. Greater ECA vascular conductance and corresponding increases in blood flow may protect overperfusion of intracranial cerebral arteries during enhanced cardiac contractility and associated increases in cardiac output and perfusion pressure. Importantly, these findings suggest that the acute increase of blood perfusion attributable to dobutamine administration does not cause cerebral overperfusion or an associated risk of cerebral vascular damage. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A dobutamine-induced increase in cardiac contractility did not increase internal carotid artery blood flow despite an increase in cardiac output and arterial blood pressure. In contrast, external carotid artery blood flow and conductance increased. This external cerebral blood flow response may assist with protecting from overperfusion of intracranial blood flow.

Effect of serotonin on internal and external carotid artery blood flow in the baboon

1969 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Grimson ◽  
SC Robinson ◽  
ET Danford ◽  
GT Tindall ◽  
Greenfield JC
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Artery Blood Flow

The Responses Of Internal And External Carotid Artery Blood Flow To Isometric Exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Ai Hirasawa ◽  
Kohei Sato ◽  
Shinnosuke Ono ◽  
Marina Yoneya ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Artery Blood Flow

Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography in Suspected Brain Death: A Noninvasive Biomarker

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Chakraborty ◽  
Reem A. Adas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Ancillary Test ◽  
Organ Harvesting

Purpose Neurologic determination of death or brain death is primarily a clinical diagnosis. This must respect all guarantees required by law and should be determined early to avoid unnecessary treatment and allow organ harvesting for transplantation. Ancillary testing is used in situations in which clinical assessment is impossible or confounded by other factors. Our purpose is to determine the utility of dynamic computed tomographic angiography (dCTA) as an ancillary test for diagnosis of brain death. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 13 consecutive patients with suspected brain death in the intensive care unit who had dCTA. Contrast appearance timings recorded from the dCTA data were compared to findings from 15 controls selected from patients who presented with symptoms of acute stroke but showed no stroke in follow-up imaging. Results The dCTA allows us to reliably assess cerebral blood flow and to record time of individual cerebral vessels opacification. It also helps us to assess the intracranial flow qualitatively against the flow in extracranial vessels as a reference. We compared the time difference between enhancement of the external and internal carotid arteries and branches. In all patients who were brain dead, internal carotid artery enhancement was delayed, which occurred after external carotid artery branches were opacified. Conclusion In patients with suspected brain death, dCTA reliably demonstrated the lack of cerebral blood flow, with extracranial circulation as an internal reference. Our initial results suggest that inversion of time of contrast appearance between internal carotid artery and external carotid artery branches at the skull base could predict a lack of distal intracranial flow.

scholarly journals Variations in the Branching Pattern of External Carotid Artery in South Kerala Population – A Cadaveric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 1780-1785
Author(s):  
Manju Sudhakaran ◽  
Mini Alikunju ◽  
Vandana Latha Raveendran ◽  
Umesan Kannanvilakom Govindapillai
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
South Indian

BACKGROUND External carotid arteries account for a major share of arterial supply of head and neck regions. As variations are frequently observed in the branching pattern of external carotid artery, surgeons, radiologists and anaesthetists often encounter difficulties in various procedures of head and neck. The purpose of this study is to describe the variations in the branching pattern of external carotid artery as observed in South Indian population which definitely reduces its iatrogenic injuries associated with surgical and radiological procedures of head and neck. METHODS This is cross-sectional descriptive study. Bilateral neck dissection was done on twenty-two formalin fixed cadavers to study the branching pattern of external carotid artery during a period of two years in the Department of Anatomy in Government Medical College, Alappuzha. Common carotid, external carotid and internal carotid arteries were dissected. All the branches of external carotid artery were traced and the variations were noted. The distance between carotid bifurcation and point of origin of individual branches of external carotid were measured and statistically analyzed. RESULTS In the present study along with normal branching pattern of external carotid artery, variations like origin of superior thyroid artery from common carotid artery and also from carotid bifurcation were seen. A common linguofacial trunk and direct origin of superior laryngeal artery from external carotid artery were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Prior knowledge of the variations will be helpful to surgeons and anaesthetists while dealing with these vessels during procedures of head and neck regions. KEYWORDS External Carotid Artery, Carotid Bifurcation, Superior Thyroid Artery, Linguofacial Trunk

scholarly journals Blood Flow Distribution during Heat Stress: Cerebral and Systemic Blood Flow

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiko Ogoh ◽  
Kohei Sato ◽  
Kazunobu Okazaki ◽  
Tadayoshi Miyamoto ◽  
Ai Hirasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Induced Changes

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of heat stress-induced changes in systemic circulation on intra- and extracranial blood flows and its distribution. Twelve healthy subjects with a mean age of 22±2 (s.d.) years dressed in a tube-lined suit and rested in a supine position. Cardiac output (Q), internal carotid artery (ICA), external carotid artery (ECA), and vertebral artery (VA) blood flows were measured by ultrasonography before and during whole body heating. Esophageal temperature increased from 37.0±0.2°C to 38.4±0.2°C during whole body heating. Despite an increase in Q (59±31%, P<0.001), ICA and VA decreased to 83±15% ( P=0.001) and 87±8% ( P=0.002), respectively, whereas ECA blood flow gradually increased from 188±72 to 422±189 mL/minute (+135%, P<0.001). These findings indicate that heat stress modified the effect of Q on blood flows at each artery; the increased Q due to heat stress was redistributed to extracranial vascular beds.

Hyperthermia modulates regional differences in cerebral blood flow to changes in CO2

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiko Ogoh ◽  
Kohei Sato ◽  
Kazunobu Okazaki ◽  
Tadayoshi Miyamoto ◽  
Ai Hirasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Blood Flows

The purpose of this study was to assess blood flow responses to changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) in the internal carotid artery (ICA), external carotid artery (ECA), and vertebral artery (VA) during normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. Eleven healthy subjects aged 22 ± 2 (SD) yr were exposed to passive whole body heating followed by spontaneous hypocapnic and hypercapnic challenges in normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. Right ICA, ECA, and VA blood flows, as well as left middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean blood velocity ( Vmean), were measured. Esophageal temperature was elevated by 1.53 ± 0.09°C before hypocapnic and hypercapnic challenges during heat stress. Whole body heating increased ECA blood flow and cardiac output by 130 ± 78 and 47 ± 26%, respectively ( P < 0.001), while blood flow (or velocity) in the ICA, MCA, and VA was reduced by 17 ± 14, 24 ± 18, and 12 ± 7%, respectively ( P < 0.001). Regardless of the thermal conditions, ICA and VA blood flows and MCA Vmean were decreased by hypocapnic challenges and increased by hypercapnic challenges. Similar responses in ECA blood flow were observed in hyperthermia but not in normothermia. Heat stress did not alter CO2 reactivity in the MCA and VA. However, CO2 reactivity in the ICA was decreased (3.04 ± 1.17 vs. 2.23 ± 1.03%/mmHg; P = 0.039) but that in the ECA was enhanced (0.45 ± 0.47 vs. 0.95 ± 0.61%/mmHg; P = 0.032). These results indicate that hyperthermia is capable of altering dynamic cerebral blood flow regulation.

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