Cued Memory Reactivation during Slow-Wave Sleep Promotes Explicit Knowledge of a Motor Sequence

The number reduction task (NRT) allows us to study the transition from implicit knowledge of hidden task regularities to explicit insight into these regularities. To identify sleep-associated neurophysiological indicators of this restructuring of knowledge representations, we measured frequency-specific power of EEG while participants slept during the night between two sessions of the NRT. Alpha (8–12 Hz) EEG power during slow wave sleep (SWS) emerged as a specific marker of the transformation of presleep implicit knowledge to postsleep explicit knowledge (ExK). Beta power during SWS was increased whenever ExK was attained after sleep, irrespective of presleep knowledge. No such EEG predictors of insight were found during Sleep Stage 2 and rapid eye movement sleep. These results support the view that it is neuronal memory reprocessing during sleep, in particular during SWS, that lays the foundations for restructuring those task-related representations in the brain that are necessary for promoting the gain of ExK.

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No effect of targeted memory reactivation during slow-wave sleep on emotional recognition memory

Journal of Sleep Research ◽

10.1111/jsr.12542 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 129-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jennifer E. Ashton ◽

Scott A. Cairney ◽

M. Gareth Gaskell

Keyword(s):

Recognition Memory ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Emotional Recognition ◽

Memory Reactivation

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Targeted memory reactivation of face-name learning depends on ample and undisturbed slow-wave sleep

npj Science of Learning ◽

10.1038/s41539-021-00119-2 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nathan W. Whitmore ◽

Adrianna M. Bassard ◽

Ken A. Paller

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Background Music ◽

Sleep Disruption ◽

Memory Functions ◽

Face Memory ◽

Memory Reactivation ◽

Two Factors ◽

Daytime Nap

AbstractFace memory, including the ability to recall a person’s name, is of major importance in social contexts. Like many other memory functions, it may rely on sleep. We investigated whether targeted memory reactivation during sleep could improve associative and perceptual aspects of face memory. Participants studied 80 face-name pairs, and then a subset of spoken names with associated background music was presented unobtrusively during a daytime nap. This manipulation preferentially improved name recall and face recognition for those reactivated face-name pairs, as modulated by two factors related to sleep quality; memory benefits were positively correlated with the duration of stage N3 sleep (slow-wave sleep) and negatively correlated with measures of sleep disruption. We conclude that (a) reactivation of specific face-name memories during sleep can strengthen these associations and the constituent memories, and that (b) the effectiveness of this reactivation depends on uninterrupted N3 sleep.

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P163 Slow wave transcranial electrical stimulation during wake to investigate the consolidation of new learning

SLEEP Advances ◽

10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A74-A74

Author(s):

J Wood ◽

N Bland ◽

S Brownsett ◽

M Sale

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Motor Evoked Potentials ◽

Corticospinal Excitability ◽

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽

Motor Sequence ◽

Sham Stimulation ◽

New Learning ◽

Eeg Power

Abstract Introduction Slow, oscillatory, transcranial electrical stimulation (so-tES) applies a current over the scalp that oscillates in intensity at a frequency associated with slow wave sleep (SWS; 0.75Hz). When applied during SWS, so-tES can enhance SWS EEG power compared to sham stimulation, as well as overnight declarative memory consolidation. When applied during wake, so-tES can enhance local EEG power in the slow wave frequency range (0.5–4.5Hz) compared to sham. Therefore, this study will investigate whether so-tES can enhance the early consolidation of new learning compared to sham, when applied during wake. A preliminary analysis of data will be presented. Methods Healthy, young, right-handed adults (18–35 years) practiced a motor sequence learning task for 30 minutes, before receiving 15 minutes of active or sham so-tES (0.75Hz) during quiet wakefulness. Task performance was assessed by recording the total number of correct sequences performed in 30 seconds before practice, after practice, and after stimulation. Performance improvements will be compared between stimulation conditions. Non-invasive, electrophysiological corticospinal excitability measurements (i.e., motor-evoked potentials) were also recorded at six timepoints throughout each session, to investigate whether active so-tES can modulate corticospinal excitability differently to sham. Progress to date Data collection is ongoing, and completion is expected by late 2021. Intended outcome and impact We expect so-tES to enhance early skill consolidation during wake, and that enhanced consolidation will be associated with less variable measurements of corticospinal excitability, when compared with sham stimulation.

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0095 Classical Music During Slow Wave Sleep Facilitates Educational Learning: A Targeted Memory Reactivation Experiment with Immediate and 9-Month Follow-Up Testing

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsz067.094 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A39-A39

Author(s):

Chenlu Gao ◽

Nikita Chapagain ◽

Taylor Terlizzese ◽

Daniel Zeter ◽

Paul Fillmore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Classical Music ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Memory Reactivation

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CUED memory reactivation during slow wave sleep selectively improves auditory discrimination

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.773 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. e264

Author(s):

O. Martynova ◽

K.L. Sake ◽

A. Polishchuk ◽

K. Liaukovich ◽

Y. Ukraintseva

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Auditory Discrimination ◽

Memory Reactivation

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Targeted Memory Reactivation of Face-Name Learning Depends on Ample and Undisturbed Slow-Wave Sleep

10.1101/2021.02.16.431530 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan Whitmore ◽

Adrianna M. Bassard ◽

Ken A. Paller

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Sleep Disruption ◽

Face Memory ◽

Memory Reactivation ◽

Two Factors ◽

Daytime Nap ◽

Electroencephalographic Activity ◽

Familiar Person

AbstractFace memory, including the ability to recall the name of a familiar person, is often crucial in social interactions, and like many other memory functions, it may rely on sleep. We investigated whether targeted memory reactivation during sleep could improve associative and perceptual aspects of face memory. Participants studied 80 face-name pairs, and then a subset of spoken names was presented unobtrusively during a daytime nap. This reactivation preferentially improved recall for those face-name pairs, as modulated by two factors related to sleep quality. That is, the memory benefit was positively correlated with the duration of stage N3 sleep (slow-wave sleep) and with the extent to which cues presented during SWS did not produce a sleep disruption indexed by increased alpha-band electroencephalographic activity in the 5 seconds after a cue. Follow-up analyses showed that a memory benefit from presenting spoken names during sleep was evident in participants with high amounts of SWS or with low amounts of sleep disruption. We conclude that sleep reactivation can strengthen memory for specific face-name associations and that the effectiveness of reactivation depends on uninterrupted N3 sleep.

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Classical music, educational learning, and slow wave sleep: A targeted memory reactivation experiment

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory ◽

10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107206 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. 107206

Author(s):

Chenlu Gao ◽

Paul Fillmore ◽

Michael K. Scullin

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Classical Music ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Memory Reactivation

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Cued reactivation during slow-wave sleep induces connectivity changes related to memory stabilization

10.1101/185611 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ruud M.W.J. Berkers ◽

Matthias Ekman ◽

Eelco V. van Dongen ◽

Atsuko Takashima ◽

Marcus Barth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Memory Consolidation ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Occipital Cortex ◽

Brain Network ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Visual Object ◽

Network Integration ◽

Retrieval Task ◽

Memory Reactivation

AbstractMemory reprocessing following acquisition enhances memory consolidation. Specifically, neural activity during encoding is thought to be ‘replayed’ during subsequent slow-wave sleep (SWS). This natural tendency of memory replay can be induced by external cueing, known as “targeted memory reactivation”. Here, we analyzed data from a published study (van Dongen, Takashima, et al. 2012), where auditory cues reactivated learned visual object-location memories during SWS. Memory replay during sleep presumably involves a shift in connectivity across the brain. Therefore, we characterized the effects of memory reactivation on brain network connectivity using graph-theory. We found that cue presentation during SWS introduced increased network integration of the occipital cortex, a visual region that was also active during the object retrieval task. Importantly, enhanced network integration of the occipital cortex showed a behavioural benefit and predicted overnight memory stabilization. Furthermore, occipital cortex displayed enhanced connectivity with mnemonic regions, namely the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus and medial prefrontal cortex during cue versus control sound presentation. Finally, network integration of early occipital cortex during cueing in SWS was related to increased activation of the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, a region involved in coding for spatial associative information, at the post-sleep test. Together, these results support a neural mechanism where cue-induced replay during sleep promotes memory consolidation by increased integration of task-relevant perceptual regions with mnemonic regions.

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