scholarly journals Influence of Core Auditory Cortical Areas on Acoustically Evoked Activity in Contralateral Primary Auditory Cortex

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 776-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carrasco ◽  
T. A. Brown ◽  
M. A. Kok ◽  
N. Chabot ◽  
A. Kral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Evoked Activity

scholarly journals Subcortical circuits mediate communication between primary sensory cortical areas in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lohse ◽  
Johannes C. Dahmen ◽  
Victoria M. Bajo ◽  
Andrew J. King
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Evoked Activity

AbstractIntegration of information across the senses is critical for perception and is a common property of neurons in the cerebral cortex, where it is thought to arise primarily from corticocortical connections. Much less is known about the role of subcortical circuits in shaping the multisensory properties of cortical neurons. We show that stimulation of the whiskers causes widespread suppression of sound-evoked activity in mouse primary auditory cortex (A1). This suppression depends on the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and is implemented through a descending circuit that links S1, via the auditory midbrain, with thalamic neurons that project to A1. Furthermore, a direct pathway from S1 has a facilitatory effect on auditory responses in higher-order thalamic nuclei that project to other brain areas. Crossmodal corticofugal projections to the auditory midbrain and thalamus therefore play a pivotal role in integrating multisensory signals and in enabling communication between different sensory cortical areas.

Spontaneous activity resembling tone-evoked activity in the primary auditory cortex of guinea pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Saitoh ◽  
Shinji Inagaki ◽  
Masataka Nishimura ◽  
Hideo Kawaguchi ◽  
Wen-Jie Song
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Evoked Activity

scholarly journals Dissociation of task engagement and arousal effects in auditory cortex and midbrain

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Saderi ◽  
Zachary P Schwartz ◽  
Charles R Heller ◽  
Jacob R Pennington ◽  
Stephen V David
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Sensory Neural

Both generalized arousal and engagement in a specific task influence sensory neural processing. To isolate effects of these state variables in the auditory system, we recorded single-unit activity from primary auditory cortex (A1) and inferior colliculus (IC) of ferrets during a tone detection task, while monitoring arousal via changes in pupil size. We used a generalized linear model to assess the influence of task engagement and pupil size on sound-evoked activity. In both areas, these two variables affected independent neural populations. Pupil size effects were more prominent in IC, while pupil and task engagement effects were equally likely in A1. Task engagement was correlated with larger pupil; thus, some apparent effects of task engagement should in fact be attributed to fluctuations in pupil size. These results indicate a hierarchy of auditory processing, where generalized arousal enhances activity in midbrain, and effects specific to task engagement become more prominent in cortex.

scholarly journals Pupil-associated states modulate excitability but not stimulus selectivity in primary auditory cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary P. Schwartz ◽  
Brad N. Buran ◽  
Stephen V. David
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Auditory Neurons ◽  
Network State ◽  
Pupil Constriction ◽  
Evoked Activity

AbstractRecent research in mice indicates that luminance-independent fluctuations in pupil size predict variability in spontaneous and evoked activity of single neurons in auditory and visual cortex. These findings suggest that pupil is an indicator of large-scale changes in arousal state that affect sensory processing. However, it is not known whether pupil-related state also influences the selectivity of auditory neurons. We recorded pupil size and single-unit spiking activity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of non-anesthetized male and female ferrets during presentation of natural vocalizations and tone stimuli that allow measurement of frequency and level tuning. Neurons showed a systematic increase in both spontaneous and sound-evoked activity when pupil was large, as well as desynchronization and a decrease in trial-to-trial variability. Relationships between pupil size and firing rate were non-monotonic in some cells. In most neurons, several measurements of tuning, including acoustic threshold, spectral bandwidth, and best frequency, remained stable across large changes in pupil size. Across the population, however, there was a small but significant decrease in acoustic threshold when pupil was dilated. In some recordings, we observed rapid, saccade-like eye movements during sustained pupil constriction, which may indicate sleep. Including the presence of this state as a separate variable in a regression model of neural variability accounted for some, but not all, of the variability and non-monotonicity associated with changes in pupil size.New & NoteworthyCortical neurons vary in their response to repeated stimuli, and some portion of the variability is due to fluctuations in network state. By simultaneously recording pupil and single-neuron activity in auditory cortex of ferrets, we provide new evidence that network state affects the excitability of auditory neurons, but not sensory selectivity. In addition, we report the occurrence of possible sleep states, adding to evidence that pupil provides an index of both sleep and physiological arousal.

Serotonergic dysfunction in schizophrenia assessed by the loudness dependence measure of primary auditory cortex evoked activity

2003 ◽  
Vol 64 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Juckel ◽  
Jürgen Gallinat ◽  
Michael Riedel ◽  
Safet Sokullu ◽  
Carl Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Dependence Measure ◽  
Loudness Dependence ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Serotonergic Dysfunction

scholarly journals Selective effects of arousal on population coding of natural sounds in auditory cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Heller ◽  
Zachary P. Schwartz ◽  
Daniela Saderi ◽  
Stephen V. David
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Population Coding ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Correlated Noise ◽  
Natural Sounds ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Low Dimensional

AbstractThe ability to discriminate between complex natural sounds is critical for survival. Changes in arousal and other aspects of behavioral state can impact the accuracy of sensory coding, affecting both the reliability of single neuron responses and the degree of correlated noise between neurons. However, it is unclear how these effects interact to influence coding of diverse natural stimuli. We recorded the spiking activity of neural populations in primary auditory cortex (A1) evoked by a large library of natural sounds while monitoring changes in pupil size as an index of arousal. Heightened arousal increased response magnitude and reduced noise correlations between neurons, improving coding accuracy on average. Rather than suppressing shared noise along all dimensions of neural activity, the change in noise correlations occurred via coherent, low-dimensional modulation of response variability in A1. The modulation targeted a different group of neurons from those undergoing changes in response magnitude. Thus, changes in response magnitude and correlation are mediated by distinct mechanisms. The degree to which these low-dimensional changes were aligned with the high-dimensional natural sound-evoked activity was variable, resulting in stimulus-dependent improvements in coding accuracy.

scholarly journals Different excitation-inhibition correlations between spontaneous and tone-evoked activity in primary auditory cortex neurons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine C. M. Chew ◽  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
Andrew Y. Y. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Visual Cortex Neurons ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Highly Correlated

Tone-evoked synaptic excitation and inhibition are highly correlated in many neurons with V-shaped tuning curves in the primary auditory cortex of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. In contrast, there is less correlation between spontaneous excitation and inhibition in visual cortex neurons under the same anesthetic conditions. However, it was not known whether the primary auditory cortex resembles visual cortex in having spontaneous excitation and inhibition that is less correlated than tone-evoked excitation and inhibition. Here we report whole-cell voltage-clamp measurements of spontaneous excitation and inhibition in primary auditory cortex neurons of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. The larger excursions of both spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory currents appeared to consist of distinct events, with the inhibitory event rate typically lower than the excitatory event rate. We use the ratio of the excitatory event rate to the inhibitory event rate, and the assumption that the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents can each be reasonably described as a filtered Poisson process, to estimate the maximum spontaneous excitatory-inhibitory correlation for each neuron. In a subset of neurons, we also measured tone-evoked excitation and inhibition. In neurons with V-shaped tuning curves, although tone-evoked excitation and inhibition were highly correlated, the spontaneous inhibitory event rate was typically sufficiently lower than the spontaneous excitatory event rate to indicate a lower excitatory-inhibitory correlation for spontaneous activity than for tone-evoked responses.

scholarly journals Effects of Locomotion in Auditory Cortex Are Not Mediated by the VIP Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Yavorska ◽  
Michael Wehr
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
Neuronal Encoding

Movement has a prominent impact on activity in sensory cortex, but has opposing effects on visual and auditory cortex. Both cortical areas feature a vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP) disinhibitory circuit, which in visual cortex contributes to the effect of running. In auditory cortex, however, the role of VIP circuitry in running effects remains poorly understood. Running and optogenetic VIP activation are known to differentially modulate sound-evoked activity in auditory cortex, but it is unknown how these effects vary across cortical layers, and whether laminar differences in the roles of VIP circuitry could contribute to the substantial diversity that has been observed in the effects of both movement and VIP activation. Here we asked whether VIP neurons contribute to the effects of running, across the layers of auditory cortex. We found that both running and optogenetic activation of VIP neurons produced diverse changes in the firing rates of auditory cortical neurons, but with distinct effects on spontaneous and evoked activity and with different patterns across cortical layers. On average, running increased spontaneous firing rates but decreased evoked firing rates, resulting in a reduction of the neuronal encoding of sound. This reduction in sound encoding was observed in all cortical layers, but was most pronounced in layer 2/3. In contrast, VIP activation increased both spontaneous and evoked firing rates, and had no net population-wide effect on sound encoding, but strongly suppressed sound encoding in layer 4 narrow-spiking neurons. These results suggest that VIP activation and running act independently, which we then tested by comparing the arithmetic sum of the two effects measured separately to the actual combined effect of running and VIP activation, which were closely matched. We conclude that the effects of locomotion in auditory cortex are not mediated by the VIP network.

Speech-evoked activity in primary auditory cortex: effects of voice onset time

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Steinschneider ◽  
Charles E. Schroeder ◽  
Joseph C. Arezzo ◽  
Herbert G. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Evoked Activity

scholarly journals Subcortical Circuits Mediate Communication Between Primary Sensory Cortical Areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lohse ◽  
Johannes C. Dahmen ◽  
Victoria M. Bajo ◽  
Andrew J. King
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Evoked Activity

AbstractIntegration of information across the senses is critical for perception and is a common property of neurons in the cerebral cortex, where it is thought to arise primarily from corticocortical connections. Much less is known about the role of subcortical circuits in shaping the multisensory properties of cortical neurons. We show that stimulation of the whiskers causes widespread suppression of sound-evoked activity in mouse primary auditory cortex (A1). This suppression depends on the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and is implemented through a descending circuit that links S1, via the auditory midbrain, with thalamic neurons that project to A1. Furthermore, a direct pathway from S1 has a facilitatory effect on auditory responses in higher-order thalamic nuclei that project to other brain areas. Crossmodal corticofugal projections to the auditory midbrain and thalamus therefore play a pivotal role in integrating multisensory signals and in enabling communication between different sensory cortical areas.

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