Spontaneous activity resembling tone-evoked activity in the primary auditory cortex of guinea pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Saitoh ◽  
Shinji Inagaki ◽  
Masataka Nishimura ◽  
Hideo Kawaguchi ◽  
Wen-Jie Song
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Evoked Activity

scholarly journals The effect of systemic administration of salicylate on the auditory cortex of guinea pigs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259055
Author(s):  
Mutsumi Kenmochi ◽  
Kentaro Ochi ◽  
Hirotsugu Kinoshita ◽  
Yasuhiro Miyamoto ◽  
Izumi Koizuka
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Firing Activity ◽  
Cortical Areas

Objective To investigate the effect of systemic administration of salicylate as a tinnitus inducing drug in the auditory cortex of guinea pigs. Methods Extracellular recording of spikes of the primary auditory cortex and dorsocaudal areas in healthy male albino Hartley guinea pigs was continuously performed (pre- and post-salicylate). Results We recorded 160 single units in the primary auditory cortex from five guinea pigs and 156 single units in the dorsocaudal area from another five guinea pigs. The threshold was significantly elevated after the administration of salicylate in both the primary auditory cortex and dorsocaudal areas. The Q10dB value was significantly increased in the primary auditory cortex, whereas it has significantly decreased in the dorsocaudal area. Spontaneous firing activity was significantly decreased in the primary auditory cortex, whereas it has significantly increased in the dorsocaudal area. Conclusion Salicylate induces significant changes in single units of both stimulated and spontaneous activity in the auditory cortex of guinea pigs. The spontaneous activity changed differently depending on its cortical areas, which may be due to the neural elements that generate tinnitus.

scholarly journals Dissociation of task engagement and arousal effects in auditory cortex and midbrain

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Saderi ◽  
Zachary P Schwartz ◽  
Charles R Heller ◽  
Jacob R Pennington ◽  
Stephen V David
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Sensory Neural

Both generalized arousal and engagement in a specific task influence sensory neural processing. To isolate effects of these state variables in the auditory system, we recorded single-unit activity from primary auditory cortex (A1) and inferior colliculus (IC) of ferrets during a tone detection task, while monitoring arousal via changes in pupil size. We used a generalized linear model to assess the influence of task engagement and pupil size on sound-evoked activity. In both areas, these two variables affected independent neural populations. Pupil size effects were more prominent in IC, while pupil and task engagement effects were equally likely in A1. Task engagement was correlated with larger pupil; thus, some apparent effects of task engagement should in fact be attributed to fluctuations in pupil size. These results indicate a hierarchy of auditory processing, where generalized arousal enhances activity in midbrain, and effects specific to task engagement become more prominent in cortex.

scholarly journals Pupil-associated states modulate excitability but not stimulus selectivity in primary auditory cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary P. Schwartz ◽  
Brad N. Buran ◽  
Stephen V. David
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Auditory Neurons ◽  
Network State ◽  
Pupil Constriction ◽  
Evoked Activity

AbstractRecent research in mice indicates that luminance-independent fluctuations in pupil size predict variability in spontaneous and evoked activity of single neurons in auditory and visual cortex. These findings suggest that pupil is an indicator of large-scale changes in arousal state that affect sensory processing. However, it is not known whether pupil-related state also influences the selectivity of auditory neurons. We recorded pupil size and single-unit spiking activity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of non-anesthetized male and female ferrets during presentation of natural vocalizations and tone stimuli that allow measurement of frequency and level tuning. Neurons showed a systematic increase in both spontaneous and sound-evoked activity when pupil was large, as well as desynchronization and a decrease in trial-to-trial variability. Relationships between pupil size and firing rate were non-monotonic in some cells. In most neurons, several measurements of tuning, including acoustic threshold, spectral bandwidth, and best frequency, remained stable across large changes in pupil size. Across the population, however, there was a small but significant decrease in acoustic threshold when pupil was dilated. In some recordings, we observed rapid, saccade-like eye movements during sustained pupil constriction, which may indicate sleep. Including the presence of this state as a separate variable in a regression model of neural variability accounted for some, but not all, of the variability and non-monotonicity associated with changes in pupil size.New & NoteworthyCortical neurons vary in their response to repeated stimuli, and some portion of the variability is due to fluctuations in network state. By simultaneously recording pupil and single-neuron activity in auditory cortex of ferrets, we provide new evidence that network state affects the excitability of auditory neurons, but not sensory selectivity. In addition, we report the occurrence of possible sleep states, adding to evidence that pupil provides an index of both sleep and physiological arousal.

Serotonergic dysfunction in schizophrenia assessed by the loudness dependence measure of primary auditory cortex evoked activity

2003 ◽  
Vol 64 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Juckel ◽  
Jürgen Gallinat ◽  
Michael Riedel ◽  
Safet Sokullu ◽  
Carl Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Dependence Measure ◽  
Loudness Dependence ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Serotonergic Dysfunction

scholarly journals Selective effects of arousal on population coding of natural sounds in auditory cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Heller ◽  
Zachary P. Schwartz ◽  
Daniela Saderi ◽  
Stephen V. David
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Population Coding ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Correlated Noise ◽  
Natural Sounds ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Low Dimensional

AbstractThe ability to discriminate between complex natural sounds is critical for survival. Changes in arousal and other aspects of behavioral state can impact the accuracy of sensory coding, affecting both the reliability of single neuron responses and the degree of correlated noise between neurons. However, it is unclear how these effects interact to influence coding of diverse natural stimuli. We recorded the spiking activity of neural populations in primary auditory cortex (A1) evoked by a large library of natural sounds while monitoring changes in pupil size as an index of arousal. Heightened arousal increased response magnitude and reduced noise correlations between neurons, improving coding accuracy on average. Rather than suppressing shared noise along all dimensions of neural activity, the change in noise correlations occurred via coherent, low-dimensional modulation of response variability in A1. The modulation targeted a different group of neurons from those undergoing changes in response magnitude. Thus, changes in response magnitude and correlation are mediated by distinct mechanisms. The degree to which these low-dimensional changes were aligned with the high-dimensional natural sound-evoked activity was variable, resulting in stimulus-dependent improvements in coding accuracy.

scholarly journals Different excitation-inhibition correlations between spontaneous and tone-evoked activity in primary auditory cortex neurons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine C. M. Chew ◽  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
Andrew Y. Y. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Visual Cortex Neurons ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Highly Correlated

Tone-evoked synaptic excitation and inhibition are highly correlated in many neurons with V-shaped tuning curves in the primary auditory cortex of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. In contrast, there is less correlation between spontaneous excitation and inhibition in visual cortex neurons under the same anesthetic conditions. However, it was not known whether the primary auditory cortex resembles visual cortex in having spontaneous excitation and inhibition that is less correlated than tone-evoked excitation and inhibition. Here we report whole-cell voltage-clamp measurements of spontaneous excitation and inhibition in primary auditory cortex neurons of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. The larger excursions of both spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory currents appeared to consist of distinct events, with the inhibitory event rate typically lower than the excitatory event rate. We use the ratio of the excitatory event rate to the inhibitory event rate, and the assumption that the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents can each be reasonably described as a filtered Poisson process, to estimate the maximum spontaneous excitatory-inhibitory correlation for each neuron. In a subset of neurons, we also measured tone-evoked excitation and inhibition. In neurons with V-shaped tuning curves, although tone-evoked excitation and inhibition were highly correlated, the spontaneous inhibitory event rate was typically sufficiently lower than the spontaneous excitatory event rate to indicate a lower excitatory-inhibitory correlation for spontaneous activity than for tone-evoked responses.

Speech-evoked activity in primary auditory cortex: effects of voice onset time

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Steinschneider ◽  
Charles E. Schroeder ◽  
Joseph C. Arezzo ◽  
Herbert G. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Evoked Activity
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