CHAPTER 1. The Explosion in Watts: The Second Reconstruction and the Cold War Roots of the Carceral State

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-42
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Carceral State ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Second Reconstruction

Chapter 1 Svalbard

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brian Harland
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Small Population ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Seasonal Population

An introduction to Svalbard is as necessary for a geoscientist as for any other student of the archipelago. The section on geographical nomenclature is illustrated by maps which are designed to locate many of the commonly used names. These and others are listed at the end of the volume where additional names used later are referred to. The regional context of Svalbard is shown in Fig. 1.1.The present-day physical environment is mentioned, but treated more fully in Chapters 21 and 22.The section on the present-day Svalbard biota is not by a specialist for specialists, but is intended to list those organisms commonly encountered in the field and of interest to most workers.The political and treaty considerations are interwoven and have sometimes left the Norwegian administration in an ambivalent position. Happily however the resources forthcoming from the petroleum industry to the nation has enabled the administration to fulfil its responsibility admirably and latterly without the pressures from the Cold War.Svalbard for its size has a small population, less than 4000 concentrated in relatively few settlements, but numbers are augmented by summer arrivals of construction/maintenance staff, tourists, students and scientists, while the residents often take their summer holidays on the mainland. The environmental threat from this expanding seasonal population presents one of the most serious challenges, while at the same time tourism is replacing coal mining as the principal economic resource. Provision of shipping facilities supplemented by air travel is transforming the economy, which however still requires substantial

The Reconstitution of Security Provision after the Cold War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Gheciu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
East European ◽  
The Cold War

Chapter 1 provides an overview of the book, explaining its rationale, conceptual framework, and methodology and placing it within the context of the existing literature. It argues that the nature and impact of commercialization of security in East European polities is profound and, in itself, deserves more attention than it has received so far. But the processes and practices examined in this book transcend the boundaries of those polities. A study of East European commercialization of security also sheds new light on aspects of the evolution of the European Union (EU) and the wider structures of European policing and security that have been insufficiently examined until now.

Now That the Cold War Is Over, Who Is a Refugee?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina García
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Boat People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cold War

Chapter 1 discusses American responses to refugee flows during the transitional period of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Fleeing a communist state had previously maximized one’s chances of admission to the United States, but as early as 1980, policymakers had questioned the logic of assuming that those fleeing communism had more legitimate needs for protection than other refugees. As government officials struggled to define a coherent refugee policy for the post–Cold War era, a wide range of domestic actors also tried to influence policy, advocating and lobbying on behalf of particular populations whose rights they felt had been ignored. The case studies in this chapter—the Soviet refuseniks, the Chinese university students, the Haitian and Cuban boat people—illustrate the changing political landscape both abroad and at home, as well as the importance of advocacy in eliciting responses from the Executive and Legislative branches of government.

A Cold War Welcome

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-44
Author(s):  
Anne Searcy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Romeo And Juliet ◽  
The West ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Works ◽  
The Cold War

Chapter 1 discusses the Bolshoi Theater’s first tour of the United States in 1959. While the popular response was rapturous, critics were more cautious. They praised the company’s dancers, particularly the Soviet ballerinas, but disparaged the choreography and music. This split was gendered and allowed critics and audiences to sympathize with the performers while condemning the ostensibly more political works themselves. The chapter focuses on Sergei Prokofiev’s Romeo and Juliet and Stone Flower. Because Prokofiev’s music was so well known in the West, tour organizers hoped that his music could mediate between American expectations for Russian ballet and newer Soviet models. However, the Soviet performers failed to convince Western critics that their ballet was sufficiently “modern,” a complaint that would permeate American criticisms of the Soviet Union throughout the Cold War.

A Fissile National Community

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-47
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tromly
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
World War ◽  
Far Right ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Cold War

Chapter 1 explores anti-communist movements of the Russian diaspora, setting the stage for their participation in the Cold War. The anti-communist cause housed four major movements in the postwar years: the Whites, or Russian conservatives who had fled communist rule during the Russian Civil War (1918–22); a cohort of democratic socialists who had opposed the tsars before being driven out by Lenin; the so-called Vlasovites, Soviet citizens who exited their home country during World War II and then attached themselves to a Russian liberation army formed under Nazi auspices; and the National Labor Alliance (NTS), a far-right émigré organization, most of whose members collaborated with Nazi Germany during World War II. As the chapter argues, the different experiences of these groups—in Russia, during displacement, and while in exile—informed their divergent notions of Russia’s past and future.

Film Censorship and the Regulatory Context of Postwar Hong Kong

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Jing Jing Chang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Community Screening ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Film Censorship ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Extended Discussion

Chapter 1 maps out the contours of the Cold War regulatory context in Hong Kong and examines how Hong Kong’s censorship machinery “screened” the colonial government’s responses to the Cold War within local, colonial, and global contexts. The colonial government’s film censorship machinery comprises not only of printed regulations banning objectionable material, but also a set of activities, practices and discourses that reflected the agendas and assumptions of Hong Kong’s colonial government about audience demographics and characteristics. This chapter argues that censorship was part the discursive strategies mobilized by the colonial state and negotiated by filmmakers, film distributors, audience members, and Cold War watchers, all of whom contributed to the postwar Hong Kong community screening process. To demonstrate that censorship was never unidirectional in terms of imposition, surveillance, or discipline, but was constantly being challenged and negotiated by all stakeholders, this chapter ends with an extended discussion of the September 1965 press battle over British Hong Kong’s censorship legislation. Indeed, British Hong Kong had to exercise a policy of accommodation and neutrality, while creating the illusion of an apolitical community in order for its censorship legislations to function during a period of global decolonization.

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