Circulations of Violence

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
Wendy A. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Central America ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Chapter Two situates lived experiences of violence within a deeper temporal and spatial context of violence across the Americas. Structural forms of violence including the legacies of civil war, neoliberal securitization, and everyday insecurity are all forces that propel mobility from Central America. The chapter suggests a historical continuum where the violence people experience along the journey is not conceptualized as new or unique, but rather a continuation of processes they have known their entire lives.

scholarly journals Reversing Channels and Unsettling Binaries: Rethinking Migration and Agrarian Change under Expanded Border and Immigration Enforcement

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Richard L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Central America ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Agrarian Change ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Labor Exploitation ◽  
Agrarian Studies ◽  
Political Ecologies ◽  
Migrant Groups

Unauthorized migration under global regimes of border and immigration enforcement has become more risky and costly than ever. Despite the increasing challenges of reaching, remaining in, and remitting from destination countries, scholarship exploring the implications of migration for agricultural and environmental change in migrant-sending regions has largely overlooked the prevalent experiences and consequences of “failed” migration. Drawing from recent fieldwork in Central America with deportees, this paper demonstrates how contemporary migration at times reverses the “channels” of agrarian change in migrant-sending regions: instead of driving remittance inflow and labor loss, migration under contemporary enforcement can result in debt and asset dispossession, increased vulnerability, and heightened labor exploitation. Diverse migration outcomes under expanded enforcement also reveal a need to move beyond the analytical binary that emphasizes differentiations between migrant and non-migrant groups while overlooking the profound socioeconomic unevenness experienced among migrants themselves. With grounding in critical agrarian studies, feminist geographies, and emerging political ecologies of migration, this paper argues that increased attention to the highly dynamic and diverse lived experiences of migration under expanded enforcement stands to enhance our understanding of the multiple ways in which contemporary out-migration shapes livelihoods and landscapes in migrant-sending regions.

scholarly journals The Settlement experience of Salvadoran refugees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Escobar Olivo
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Canadian Government

This narrative qualitative study explored the lived experiences of Salvadoran refugees who came to Canada after fleeing the civil war in El Salvador. The research aimed to examine the experience of Salvadoran refugees who arrived between 1980 and 1992. During this period, the Canadian government enacted special measures which allowed for Salvadorans to seek refuge in Canada. The experiences shared by participants explored their experience with the traumas of war, migration and eventual settlement in Toronto. The theoretical framework drew on the coloniality of power and structuration theory. These experiences were considered within a broader context of what it meant to be a Salvadoran refugee in Toronto, both in ongoing connections to their country of origin and their country of settlement over thirty years later. The narratives of the participants provide insights into the complex negotiations into the experiences of refugees forced to flee and reorient themselves in a new society. Key words: Salvadoran, refugees, experiences, civil war, identity, Latinx, Toronto

scholarly journals Marginal memories of Lebanon�s civil war: challenging hegemonic narratives in a small town in North Metn

2021 ◽  
Vol 9s3 ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Carmen Hassoun Abou Jaoude ◽  
Daniele Rugo
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Public Culture ◽  
Lebanese Civil War ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

This article focuses on the �hidden public culture� formed by individual memories of violent conflicts, with particular reference to the Lebanese Civil War (1975�90). Taking memory as a terrain through which individuals can contest authoritarian governance and repressive memory scripts, the article argues that personal memories of ordinary citizens can contribute to illuminate the power relations that structure war memorialisations. Through a series of interviews, the article analyses militia practices in a small town in North Metn to challenge the idea that militias were merely defending a territory from external enemies. Militia abuses against the populations they were meant to defend during the Civil War are also used as a starting point to reflect on Lebanon�s present. This case study is then used as a starting point to advocate for the use of personal memories in the research of violent conflicts as a way to broaden our understanding of conflict�s lived experiences.

The dangers of taking capacity limits too literally

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Avons ◽  
Geoff Ward ◽  
Riccardo Russo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The empirical data do not unequivocally support a consistent fixed capacity of four chunks. We propose an alternative account whereby capacity is limited by the precision of specifying the temporal and spatial context in which items appear, that similar psychophysical constraints limit number estimation, and that short term memory (STM) is continuous with long term memory (LTM).

scholarly journals Orbito-frontal Cortex is Necessary for Temporal Context Memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1819-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Duarte ◽  
Richard N. Henson ◽  
Robert T. Knight ◽  
Tina Emery ◽  
Kim S. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Neuropsychological Investigation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Context Memory ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

Lesion and neuroimaging studies suggest that orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) supports temporal aspects of episodic memory. However, it is unclear whether OFC contributes to the encoding and/or retrieval of temporal context and whether it is selective for temporal relative to nontemporal (spatial) context memory. We addressed this issue with two complimentary studies: functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure OFC activity associated with successful temporal and spatial context memory during encoding and retrieval in healthy young participants, and a neuropsychological investigation to measure changes in spatial and temporal context memory in OFC lesion patients. Imaging results revealed that OFC contributed to encoding and retrieval of associations between objects and their temporal but not their spatial contexts. Consistent with this, OFC patients exhibited impairments in temporal but not spatial source memory accuracy. These results suggest that OFC plays a critical role in the formation and subsequent retrieval of temporal context.

The 1996 Biescas campsite disaster in the Central Spanish Pyrenees, and its temporal and spatial context

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 1797-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue White ◽  
José M. García-Ruiz ◽  
Carlos Martí ◽  
Blas Valero ◽  
M. Paz Errea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Context ◽  
Spanish Pyrenees ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Ignacio Ellacuría, filósofo mártir de la realidad histórica, discípulo de Xavier Zubiri

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1619-1658
Author(s):  
José Sols Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Karl Rahner ◽  
Doctoral Studies ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Philosophical System

Father Ignacio Ellacuría (1930-1989) was a Spanish Jesuit philosopher and the most important disciple of another great Spanish philosopher, Xavier Zubiri (1898-1983). Ellacuría was sent to El Salvador (Central America) in 1949 at eighteen, and after degrees in humanities, philosophy, and theology in Ecuador and Austria (where he was disciple of Karl Rahner), he travelled to Spain in 1962 for doctoral studies with Zubiri. There he became perhaps the leading specialist on Zubiri’s philosophy, which first analyzes reality as a dynamically structured epigenetic system tracing its emergence from material through organic to historical reality (open to transcendence), and second, which postulates the concept of sentient intelligence through which we are able to apprehend reality as reality. Upon returning to El Salvador in 1967, Ellacuría used Zubiri’s philosophical system to develop a powerful analysis of Latin America’s complicated historical reality during the 1960’s, 70’s, and 80’s. Ellacuría’s extraordinary output touched many different fields: philosophy, theology, political analysis, and his role as President of the UCA (Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas) in defense of the poor, and as peacemaker during the Civil War in El Salvador (1980-1991). He was assassinated with five other Jesuits and two women housekeepers by Salvadoran soldiers on November 16th 1989.

Violence and Masculinity in the Syrian Conflict

2016 ◽  
pp. 547-567
Author(s):  
Stéphane Valter
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Syrian Conflict ◽  
Forms Of Violence

This paper aims at analyzing the various forms of violence carried out by the different categories of people directly involved in the actual Syrian war: ‘regular' soldiers, Alawite elite troops (plus the different security services), (mostly) Alawite militiamen, rebels from the (Sunni) mainstream armed opposition, and Islamist fighters, not to mention rogues who thrive on unruliness. This paper's hypothesis is that the demobilization of combatants is just partially connected to concrete issues – in the sense, for example, that any nationwide economic reconstruction will probably not be enough to promote reconciliation – since other factors impede any eventual transition from a violent civil war to a peaceful agreement, among them: a peculiar middle-eastern sense of masculinity plus the plague of sectarianism which builds organic barriers between people.

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