Orbito-frontal Cortex is Necessary for Temporal Context Memory

Lesion and neuroimaging studies suggest that orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) supports temporal aspects of episodic memory. However, it is unclear whether OFC contributes to the encoding and/or retrieval of temporal context and whether it is selective for temporal relative to nontemporal (spatial) context memory. We addressed this issue with two complimentary studies: functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure OFC activity associated with successful temporal and spatial context memory during encoding and retrieval in healthy young participants, and a neuropsychological investigation to measure changes in spatial and temporal context memory in OFC lesion patients. Imaging results revealed that OFC contributed to encoding and retrieval of associations between objects and their temporal but not their spatial contexts. Consistent with this, OFC patients exhibited impairments in temporal but not spatial source memory accuracy. These results suggest that OFC plays a critical role in the formation and subsequent retrieval of temporal context.

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Temporal and spatial context memory in patients with focal frontal, temporal lobe, and diencephalic lesions

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00076-6 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (12) ◽

pp. 1533-1545 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Michael D Kopelman ◽

Nicola Stanhope ◽

Derek Kingsley

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe ◽

Spatial Context ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Context Memory

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Same Stimulus, Same Temporal Context, Different Percept? Individual Differences in Hysteresis and Adaptation When Perceiving Multistable Dot Lattices

10.31234/osf.io/d78z2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eline Van Geert ◽

Pieter Moors ◽

Julia M. Haaf ◽

Johan Wagemans

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Visual Stimulus ◽

Context Effects ◽

Spatial Context ◽

Temporal Context ◽

Group Level ◽

Current Input ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Contextual Stimuli ◽

The Individual

How we perceptually organize a visual stimulus depends not only on the stimulus itself, but also on the temporal and spatial context in which the stimulus is presented as well as on the individual processing the stimulus and context. Earlier research found both attractive and repulsive context effects in perception (Snyder, Schwiedrzik, Vitela, & Melloni, 2015): tendencies to organize visual input in a similar way as preceding or simultaneous context stimuli (i.e., hysteresis, attraction) co-exist with tendencies that repel or move away the current percept from the organization that is most dominant in these contextual stimuli (i.e., adaptation, repulsion). These processes have been studied mostly on a group level (e.g., Schwiedrzik et al., 2014). The present study will investigate whether consistent individual differences exist in these attractive and repulsive temporal context effects, using multistable dot lattices as stimuli. In addition, the relation of the strength of these effects with the strength of individual biases for absolute orientations will be investigated. In this way, the study will provide insight in how different individuals combine previous input and experience with current input in their perception, and more generally, whether different individuals can perceive identical stimuli differently even within a similar context.

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The role of reference frames in memory recollection

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19001845 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giuseppe Riva ◽

Daniele Di Lernia ◽

Andrea Serino ◽

Silvia Serino

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Spatial Memory ◽

Reference Frames ◽

Critical Role ◽

Explanatory Model ◽

Spatial Context ◽

Translation Process ◽

Encoding And Retrieval

Abstract In this commentary on Bastin et al., we suggest that spatial context plays a critical role in the encoding and retrieval of events. Specifically, the translation process between the viewpoint-independent content of a memory and the viewpoint-dependent stimuli activating the retrieval (mental frame syncing) plays a critical role in spatial memory recollection. This perspective also provides an explanatory model for pathological disturbances such as Alzheimer's disease.

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Spatial and temporal context jointly modulate the sensory response within the ventral visual stream

10.1101/2020.07.24.219709 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tao He ◽

David Richter ◽

Zhiguo Wang ◽

Floris P. de Lange

Keyword(s):

Visual Perception ◽

Visual System ◽

Sensory Processing ◽

Spatial Context ◽

Sensory Response ◽

Temporal Context ◽

Neural Responses ◽

Visual Stream ◽

Ventral Visual Stream ◽

Temporal And Spatial

AbstractBoth spatial and temporal context play an important role in visual perception and behavior. Humans can extract statistical regularities from both forms of context to help processing the present and to construct expectations about the future. Numerous studies have found reduced neural responses to expected stimuli compared to unexpected stimuli, for both spatial and temporal regularities. However, it is largely unclear whether and how these forms of context interact. In the current fMRI study, thirty-three human volunteers were exposed to object stimuli that could be expected or surprising in terms of their spatial and temporal context. We found a reliable independent contribution of both spatial and temporal context in modulating the neural response. Specifically, neural responses to stimuli in expected compared to unexpected contexts were suppressed throughout the ventral visual stream. Interestingly, the modulation by spatial context was stronger in magnitude and more reliable than modulations by temporal context. These results suggest that while both spatial and temporal context serve as a prior that can modulate sensory processing in a similar fashion, predictions of spatial context may be a more powerful modulator in the visual system.Significance StatementBoth temporal and spatial context can affect visual perception, however it is largely unclear if and how these different forms of context interact in modulating sensory processing. When manipulating both temporal and spatial context expectations, we found that they jointly affected sensory processing, evident as a suppression of neural responses for expected compared to unexpected stimuli. Interestingly, the modulation by spatial context was stronger than that by temporal context. Together, our results suggest that spatial context may be a stronger modulator of neural responses than temporal context within the visual system. Thereby, the present study provides new evidence how different types of predictions jointly modulate perceptual processing.

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