Effects of V1- and V2-vasopressin (AVP) antagonists on the pressor, AVP and atrial natriuretic peptide responses to a hypertonic saline infusion in conscious anephric rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Ota ◽  
Tokihisa Kimura ◽  
Minoru Inoue ◽  
Takeharu Funyu ◽  
Masaru Shoji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antagonist Group

Ota K, Kimura T, Inoue M, Funyu T, Shoji M, Sato K, Ohta M, Yamamoto T, Abe K, Effects of V1- and V2-vasopressin (AVP) antagonists on the pressor, AVP and atrial natriuretic peptide responses to a hypertonic saline infusion in conscious anephric rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:127–32. ISSN 0804–4643 To examine the role of vasopressin (AVP) receptors in the regulation of the hemodynamics and release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and the participation of renal nerve inputs in the osmotic AVP release, hypertonic saline (HS) was infused into conscious, bilaterally nephrectomized rats with nonpeptide, selective antagonists for the V1-receptor or V2-receptor of AVP. In the control group, HS alone increased mean arterial pressure, plasma ANP and AVP, plasma volume and plasma osmolality, and decreased the heart rate. In the V1-receptor antagonist group, an increase in the mean arterial pressure and a decrease in heart rate were completely abolished and an increase in plasma ANP was attenuated. In the V2-receptor antagonist group, increases in mean arterial pressure and plasma ANP and a decrease in heart rate were attenuated. However, the ratio of the changes in heart rate to the changes in mean arterial pressure in the V2-receptor antagonist group is significantly higher than that in the control group. In both experimental groups, increases in plasma AVP, plasma volume and plasma osmolality were not different from those in the control group. These results suggest that a HS-induced increase in mean arterial pressure is mediated by the pressor effect of AVP, mainly through V1-receptors, and that the depressor effect of AVP through V2-receptors may not influence tonically HS-induced hypertension. Moreover, HS-induced increase in plasma ANP is mediated mainly by increases in plasma volume and blood pressure, but may not be affected by a direct action of AVP to the heart. Renal afferent nerve inputs may not have effects on the regulation of osmotic AVP release. Kozo Ota, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-77, Japan

Dependent effect of drinking volume on vasopressin but not atrial peptide in humans

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. R762-R764 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Williams ◽  
J. R. Seckl ◽  
S. L. Lightman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Reflex Inhibition ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Plasma Arginine

The act of drinking causes a fall in plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration that precedes changes in plasma osmolality. To investigate the specificity of this drinking stimulus on hormone secretion, six volunteers (5 male, 1 female, aged 22-39 yr) were water deprived for 36 h and then drank 15 ml/kg water at 10-12 degrees C using 15-20 swallowing actions/min over 3.5 +/- 0.5 min (mean +/- SE). This caused a fall in plasma AVP from 4.5 +/- 0.7 to 3.2 +/- 0.5 pmol/l (P less than 0.05) and in thirst (by 5.7 +/- 0.6 on a 10-cm linear analog scale) (P less than 0.05) 5 min after drinking. No significant changes occurred in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, or plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration. A second study was undertaken to determine whether the reflex inhibition of AVP secretion is activated simply by the act of swallowing regardless of the volume of liquid consumed. The six volunteers were water deprived for 36 h and then sipped and swallowed 1 ml/kg water at 10-12 degrees C using 15-20 swallowing actions/min over 3.0 +/- 0.1 min. There was no change in plasma AVP concentration, although thirst was reduced by 2.3 +/- 0.6 (P less than 0.05) at 5 min. Plasma AVP 10 min after sipping and swallowing (4.2 +/- 0.8 pmol/l) was significantly greater than at 10 min after drinking 15 ml/kg (2.8 +/- 0.5 pmol/l) (P less than 0.05) despite the fact that plasma osmolality at this stage was similar in both studies. We conclude that the drinking-mediated reflex inhibition of AVP secretion in humans is dependent on swallowing an adequate volume and is not accompanied by changes in hemodynamics or in plasma ANP concentration.

Intrarenal atrial natriuretic peptide infusion lowers arterial pressure chronically

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. R585-R592 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Hildebrandt ◽  
H. L. Mizelle ◽  
M. W. Brands ◽  
C. A. Gaillard ◽  
M. J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Chronically Instrumented Dogs ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Chronic intravenous infusions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) have been shown to lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) in both normal and hypertensive animals. However, the importance of the renal actions of ANP in mediating this hypotension is unknown. This study was designed to determine whether physiological or pathophysiological increases in intrarenal ANP levels influence long-term control of arterial pressure. ANP was infused into the renal artery of seven conscious, uninephrectomized, chronically instrumented dogs at 1, 2, and 4 ng.kg-1.min-1 for 7 days at each dose, followed by a recovery period. Then ANP was infused intravenously following the same protocol. MAP decreased from 88 +/- 3 to 78 +/- 3 mmHg during intrarenal infusion of 1 ng.kg-1.min-1 ANP; increasing the ANP infusion rate did not result in a further reduction in MAP. Systemic arterial plasma ANP concentration did not change from control (15 +/- 5 pg/ml) during 1 or 2 ng.kg-1.min-1 intrarenal ANP infusion but increased slightly during 4 ng.kg-1.min-1 intrarenal ANP infusion, averaging 53 +/- 11 pg/ml. Renal arterial plasma ANP concentrations were calculated to increase to approximately 120 +/- 5, 248 +/- 11, and 484 +/- 22 pg/ml during 1, 2, and 4 ng.kg-1.min-1 intrarenal ANP infusion, respectively. Intravenous ANP infusion did not alter MAP at 1 ng.kg-1.min-1, but MAP was slightly lower than control during 2 and 4 ng.kg-1.min-1 ANP infusion and remained below control during the postinfusion period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blunted autonomic response to standing up and head-up tilt in individuals with intellectual disabilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thessa Irena Maria Hilgenkamp ◽  
Elizabeth C. Lefferts ◽  
Daniel W. White ◽  
Tracy Baynard ◽  
Bo Fernhall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities

Previous research suggests individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) may experience autonomic dysfunction, however this has not been thoroughly investigated. PURPOSE: To compare the autonomic response to standing up (active orthostasis) and head up tilt (passive orthostasis) in individuals with ID to a control group without ID. METHODS: Eighteen individuals with and 18 individuals without ID were instrumented with an ECG-lead and finger-photoplethysmography for continuous heart rate and blood pressure recordings. The active and passive orthostasis protocol consisted of 10 minutes supine rest, 10 minutes standing, 10 minutes supine recovery, 5 minutes head-up tilt at 70 degrees, followed by 10 minutes supine recovery. The last five minutes of each position was used to calculate hemodynamic and autonomic function (time- and frequency-domain heart rate and blood pressure variability measures and baroreflex sensitivity). RESULTS Individuals with ID had higher heart rate during baseline and recovery (p<0.05), and an attenuated hemodynamic (stroke volume, heart rate) and heart rate variability response to active and passive orthostasis (interaction effect p<0.05) compared to individuals without ID. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher in individuals with ID at all timepoints. CONCLUSION Individuals with ID demonstrated altered hemodynamic and autonomic regulation compared to a sex- and age-matched control group, evidenced by a higher mean arterial pressure and a reduced response in parasympathetic modulation to active and passive orthostasis.

Effects of an oral water load and intravenous administration of isotonic glucose, hypertonic saline, mannitol and furosemide on the release of atrial natriuretic peptide in men

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Yamasaki ◽  
Takeshi Nishiuchi ◽  
Akihiro Kojima ◽  
Haruhiko Saito ◽  
Shiro Saito
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Water Load ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hypertonic Saline Infusion ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Abstract. The effects of an oral water load and iv administration of isotonic glucose, hypertonic saline, mannitol and furosemide on release of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) were examined in normal subjects to determine the main factors causing its release. In addition, the influence of age on hANP secretion was investigated. The mean plasma hANP level in normal subjects, 0–89 years old, was 20.6 ± 1.1 ng/l (mean ± sem) and showed age-related change. The plasma hANP level did not change significantly after a water load or infusion of isotonic glucose, but rose significantly from 11.4 ± 1.4 to 15.6 ± 3.2 ng/l after infusion of hypertonic saline and from 10.9 ± 1.6 to 17.8 ± 4.1 ng/l after infusion of 20% mannitol in parallel with the increase in plasma volume. The plasma hANP level decreased from 17.3 ± 2.5 to 9.0 ± 2.5 ng/l after injection of 40 mg of furosemide. A positive correlation was found between change in the plasma hANP level and percent change in the plasma volume (P < 0.001) on these treatments. The response of plasma hANP to hypertonic saline infusion was greater in older than in young men. These results indicate that 1) the secretion of hANP shows an age-related change and 2) increase in the circulating plasma volume is an important factor regulating hANP secretion.

Response to dynamic exercise in cardiac transplant recipients: implications for control of the sodium regulatory hormone atrial natriuretic peptide

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. J. Singer ◽  
N. R. Banner ◽  
A. Cox ◽  
N. Patel ◽  
M. Burdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Cardiac Innervation ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1. To study the importance of cardiac innervation in the regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels were measured during symptom-limited, graded exercise on a cycle ergometer in seven male orthotopic cardiac transplant recipients. 2. Resting plasma atrial natriuretic peptide was significantly higher in the transplant recipients than in two control groups, one matched to the transplant recipients (group 1) and the other to the age of the donor heart (group II). 3. The response to exercise of the cardiac transplant recipients was compared with the response of control group II. Mean maximal work load achieved with exercise was around 40% lower in the cardiac transplant recipients. During exercise, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels increased in both the cardiac transplant recipients and the control subjects. The increase in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide with exercise was greater in absolute, but less in percentage, terms in transplant recipients than in the control subjects. 4. The increase in mean arterial pressure with exercise was similar in patients and in control subjects; however, heart rate increased in the patients by only 33% compared with a rise of 151% in the control group. 5. These results provide insight into the control of the sodium regulatory hormone atrial natriuretic peptide. First, factors other than a change in heart rate appear of importance in the regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide. Secondly, these findings suggest that cardiac innervation is not of dominant importance in the modulation of atrial natriuretic peptide secretion.

scholarly journals Changes of Vital Parameters after Administration of Butorphanol during Tiletamine-Zolazepam-Ketamine-Xylazine Anaesthesia for Joint Surgery in Miniature Pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Raušer ◽  
L. Lexmaulová ◽  
R. Srnec ◽  
J. Lorenzová ◽  
H. Kecová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Miniature Pigs ◽  
Joint Surgery ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Vital Parameters

The study compares the effects of butorphanol in pigs undergoing joint surgery in tiletamine-zolazepam-ketamine-xylazine (TKX) anaesthesia. A total of 12 pigs were divided into 2 groups by 6 animals - BUT (anaesthetized with TKX combination and butorphanol) and CON (control group - anaesthetized with TKX combination only). All pigs were sedated with a mix of tiletamin-zolazepam-ketamin-xylazin, put into total anaesthesia using propofol, and connected to an anaesthesiology unit (O2-Air). For 40 min we logged the heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), haemoglobin saturation by oxygen (SpO2) and end-tidal CO2 concentration (ETCO2) values. Ten minutes after connecting to the devices, the pigs in the BUT group were intravenously administered butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) in the total volume of 2 ml, or physiological saline in the same volume. The pigs in the BUT group had a lower (p < 0.05) HR in 5th, 10th and 25th min, and a lower RR in the 10th, 15th and 20th min. MAP, ETCO2 and SpO2 values did not differ substantially. Butorphanol can thus be identified as a suitable analgesic TKX supplement to anaesthesia of miniature pigs with minimum effect on vital functions.

scholarly journals CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO LARYNGOSCOPY VERSUS FIBER-OPTIC BRONCHOSCOPE DURING OROTRACHEAL INTUBATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE SURGERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-1) ◽  
pp. S180-85
Author(s):  
Moazzam Ali ◽  
Maliha Khawar ◽  
Maryam Nazneen ◽  
Zaqawat Nazneen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Macintosh Laryngoscope ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To compare the hemodynamic response between flexible fiber optic bronchoscope (FOB) andMacintosh laryngoscope during orotracheal intubation. The secondary objective was to calculate the timerequired for intubation between these two techniques Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesia, Frontier Corps Hospital Quetta, from Oct 2016 to Apr2017. Methodology: Eighty patients fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria were included in this study and weredivided randomly into two groups. Group L was intubated with Macintosh laryngoscope (control group) whereas group F was intubated with Fiber optic bronchoscope. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate was recorded as baseline, pre-intubation and then every 01 minute for 03 minutes. Changes in heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded in the proforma by another anesthetist who was blinded to the procedure performed. Results: The mean age in group L was 41.23 ± 8.37 years and in group F was 40.73 ± 9.77 years. The mean weight in group L was 69.63 ± 8.92 kg and in group F was 70.6 ± 9.20 kg. In group L, male to female ratio was 26:14 whereas in group F it was 28:12. Mean heart rate and mean arterial pressure did not show significant change over time between groups. Time required for intubation was significantly less (22.45 ± 4.12 secs) in laryngoscopy group versus Fiber-Optic Bronchoscope group (44.68 ± 5.88 secs). Conclusion: In conclusion we can say that our study demonstrated that using laryngoscope or Fiber-OpticBronchoscope for orotracheal..........

Effect of glucagon on amitriptyline-induced cardiovascular toxicity in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
YC Kaplan ◽  
N Hocaoglu ◽  
K Oransay ◽  
S Kalkan ◽  
Y Tuncok
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressant ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose ◽  
Qrs Prolongation ◽  
Group 2

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glucagon on cardiovascular parameters in anesthetized rat model of tricyclic antidepressant overdose. Toxicity was induced by infusion of amitriptyline 0.94 mg/kg/min until a 40–45% of reduction in mean arterial pressure was observed. Amitriptyline infusion rats were then randomized into three groups. Control group of rats (group 1) received a bolus of 5% dextrose followed by the continuous infusion of dextrose, whereas treatment groups received 1 mg/kg (group 2) or 2 mg/kg (group 3) bolus doses of glucagon followed by continuous infusion (0.1 mg/kg/min) of glucagons for 60 min. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram were recorded. Amitriptyline caused a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and a prolongation in QRS, yet it did not change the heart rate. High-bolus dose of glucagon (2 mg/kg) followed by glucagon infusion significantly increased mean arterial pressure at 40, 50, and 60 min ( P < 0.05) and shortened the prolonged QRS at 50 and 60 min ( P < 0.05) when compared with control group. There was also a significant increase in heart rate. In conclusion, bolus doses followed by a continuous infusion of glucagon were found to be effective in reversing the hypotension and QRS prolongation in the rat model of amitriptyline toxicity. Further studies are needed to reveal the exact mechanism of the proposed effect.

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