Pesticides: Benefits and Hazards

Pesticides are an integral part of modern life used to prevent growth of unwanted livingorganisms. Despite the fact that scientific statements coming from many toxicological worksprovide indication on the low risk of the pesticides and their residues, the community especiallylast years is deeply concerned about massive application of pesticides in diverse fields. Thereforeevaluation of hazard risks particularly in long term perspective is very important. In the fact thereare at least two clearly different approaches for evaluation of pesticide using: the first one isdefined as an objective or probabilistic risk assessment, while the second one is the potentialeconomic and agriculture benefits. Therefore, in this review the author has considered scientificallybased assessment of positive and negative effects of pesticide application and discusses possibleapproaches to find balance between them

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Integrated probabilistic risk assessment in sites contaminated with arsenic and lead by long-term mining liabilities in San Luis Potosi, Mexico

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110568 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 110568 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Juan C. Fernández-Macías ◽

Donaji J. González-Mille ◽

María E. García-Arreola ◽

Omar Cruz-Santiago ◽

Norma E. Rivero-Pérez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Probabilistic Risk Assessment ◽

San Luis ◽

San Luis Potosi ◽

San Luis Potosí ◽

Probabilistic Risk

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Probabilistic Risk Assessment of the Rice Cropping Schedule for Central Hokkaido, Japan

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/jamc-d-11-0217.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (7) ◽

pp. 1253-1264 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Manabu Nemoto ◽

Takahiro Hamasaki ◽

Ryoji Sameshima ◽

Etsushi Kumagai ◽

Hiroyuki Ohno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Probabilistic Risk Assessment ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Heat Damage ◽

Index Model ◽

Developmental Index ◽

Meteorological Variation ◽

Cultivation Practice ◽

Probabilistic Risk

AbstractA framework for the probabilistic risk assessment of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping schedule (PRARCS) is presented. The method accounts for interannual meteorological variation, as opposed to the traditional cultivation schedule planning method, which is based on the seasonal change in long-term average air temperature. PRARCS uses an arbitrary developmental index model to estimate the timing of the heading stage, which is required to assess the risks of cold or heat damage and productivity. All results of risk assessment and productivity are linked to transplanting date as the most important cultivation practice for irrigated rice paddies. The results of assessments using PRARCS at Iwamizawa, central Hokkaido, Japan, indicated that for the current climate the optimal transplanting period is the end of May, and this corresponds to the actual transplanting dates used and the increasing risks and decreasing productivity with earlier or later transplanting. Assessment using projected climatic data for the period 2031–50 showed that Akitakomachi and Hitomebore, present-day cultivars in the Tohoku region, could achieve satisfactory productivity in central Hokkaido. For the term 2081–2100, assessment using an extreme warming projection (4.7°C higher than at present) indicated that the probability of heat damage (white-based rice and heat sterility) is once every 2 yr for some transplanting dates and that cold risks (transplanting damage, cold injury, and immature ripening) are reduced. It was also found that the cultivar Koshihikari, at present suited to more southern regions, could be cultivated in central Hokkaido in 2081–2100 if transplanting is conducted in early May.

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