Sobre Flor de María Salazar Mendoza, Las celebraciones de independencia en San Luis Potosí y Morelia durante 1826-1876

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Pattern recognition in medical settings

A document is presented with the results of various investigations related to data patterns, more specifically those that have been designed with intelligent computational tools. The use of data patterns in medicine is something that has emerged in recent decades and that increasingly presents development alternatives for engineering projects. Various scientific publications are evaluated in this document to relate engineering applications in medicine, and contrast the possible technological impact offered by computational sciences. Keywords: Engineering in medicine, pattern recognition, computer science. References [1]R. Pallás-Areny, «LA INGENIERÍA ELECTRÓNICA Y LA MEDICINA,» [En línea]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ramon-Pallas-Areny/publication/239813249_La_Ingenieria_electronica_y_la_medicina/links/0deec539fea82baf03000000/La-Ingenieria-electronica-y-la-medicina.pdf. [Último acceso: 27 diciembre 2021].[2]H. Medellín, G. González, R. Espinosa, E. Govea y T. Lim, «Desarrollo de Aplicaciones de Realidad Virtual y Sistemas Hápticos en Ingeniería, medicina y arte,» de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, San Luis Potosí-Mexico, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 2014, pp. 77-93. [3]S. Chris, E. Ray, J. Andrew y L. Jason, «Designing cranial implants in a haptic augmented reality environment,» Communications of the ACM, vol. 47, nº 8, pp. 33-38, 2004. [4]G. Sabine, K. Erwin y G. Bernd, «Advances in interactive craniofacial surgery planning by 3D simulation and visualization.,» Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 24, pp. 120-125, 1995. [5]P. Philipp, G. B. Alexander, P. Andreas, V. S. Norman, P. Bernhard, P. Andreas, H. Karl-Heinz, T. Ulf, S. Ingo y H. Max, «Virtual Dental Surgery as a New Educational Tool in Dental School,» Journal of Cranio- Maxillo-Facial Surgery, vol. 38, pp. 560-564, 2010. [6]C. Castañeda y F. Vázquez, «Realidad Virtual, un apoyo en la Terapia de Acrofobia, Claustrofobia y Agorafobia, » de Memorias del VIII Congreso Internacional sobre Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CIINDET 2011), Cuernavaca Morelos, México., 2011. [7]F. Suárez, O. Flor y L. Rosales, «Sistema de interpretación de conductas para identificación de situaciones de riesgo,» Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação, vol. E31, pp. 309-317, 2020.

Education for modern engineering

Education has undergone evolutionary changes necessary to be able to generate the necessary contributions for each era, thus creating spaces for discussion that produce new methodologies and new paradigms for teaching. The case of engineering is very particular in these times, and university education should make its best efforts to offer future engineers the necessary skills to face the challenges of modern industry. In this work a literature review is made to analyze the new educational proposals that will be necessary for the training of the engineer in times of industrial digitization. The results show that an adaptation to the teaching processes is necessary, such that an appropriate engineering training is feasible, which assists and meets the requirements of the industry of the future. Keywords: Educational methodologies, modern industry, teaching processes. References [1]La importancia de las letras, «La historia de la educación,» 2010. [Online]. Available: http://historiageneraldelaeducacion.blogspot.com/2010/03/historia-de-la-educacion-conclusion.html. [Last access: 27 11 2021]. [2]V. Guichot, «HISTORIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN: REFLEXIONES SOBRE SU OBJETO, UBICACIÓN EPISTEMOLÓGICA, DEVENIR HISTÓRICO Y TENDENCIAS ACTUALES,» Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos, vol. 2, nº 1, pp. 11-51, 2006. [3]K. Zambrano, «Línea de tiempo de la historia de la educación,» 13 septiembre 2018. [Online]. Available: https://prezi.com/p/oashlaqm_uxn/linea-del-tiempo-historia-de-la-educacion/. [Last access: 24 11 2021]. [4]M. Begoña Tellería, «Educación y nuevas tecnologías. Educación a Distancia y Educación Virtual,» Revista de Teoría y Didáctica de las Ciencias, nº 9, pp. 209-222, 2004. [5]R. Nieto, «EDUCACIÓN VIRTUAL O VIRTUALIDAD DE LA EDUCACIÓN,» Rev.hist.educ.latinoam, vol.14, nº 19, 2012. [6]R. Pallás-Areny, «LA INGENIERÍA ELECTRÓNICA Y LA MEDICINA,» [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ramon-Pallas-Areny/publication/239813249_La_Ingenieria_electronica_y_la_medicina/links/0deec539fea82baf03000000/La-Ingenieria-electronica-y-la-medicina.pdf. [Last access: 27 12 2021]. [7]H. Medellín, G. González, R. Espinosa, E. Govea and T. Lim, «Desarrollo de Aplicaciones de Realidad Virtual y Sistemas Hápticos en Ingeniería, medicina y arte,» de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, San Luis Potosí- Mexico, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 2014, pp. 77-93. [8]S. Chris, E. Ray, J. Andrew and L. Jason, «Designing cranial implants in a haptic augmented reality environment,»Communications of the ACM, vol. 47, nº 8, pp. 33-38, 2004. [9]G. Sabine, K. Erwin and G. Bernd, «Advances in interactive craniofacial surgery planning by 3D simulation and visualization.,» Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 24, pp. 120-125, 1995. [10]P. Philipp, G. B. Alexander, P. Andreas, V. S. Norman, P. Bernhard, P. Andreas, H. Karl-Heinz, T. Ulf, S. Ingo y H. Max, «Virtual Dental Surgery as a New Educational Tool in Dental School,» Journal of Cranio- Maxillo-Facial Surgery, vol. 38, pp. 560-564, 2010. [11]C. Castañeda and F. Vázquez, «Realidad Virtual, un apoyo en la Terapia de Acrofobia, Claustrofobia y Agorafobia, » de Memorias del VIII Congreso Internacional sobre Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CIINDET 2011), Cuernavaca Morelos, México., 2011. [12]F. Suárez, O. Flor and L. Rosales, «Sistema de interpretación de conductas para identificación de situaciones de riesgo,» Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação, vol. E31, pp. 309-317, 2020.

Engineering projects and educational paradigms

Engineering is part of one of the most forward-thinking careers in industries. In this work, the elementary principles of engineering projects in university education are evaluated and the minimum criteria that an engineering project should have are established so that the future professional develops the necessary skills for their performance as an engineer. A bibliographic review of engineering education is then carried out and the formulation of projects that make the development of practical skills possible. Keywords: Engineering practices, academic projects, industry 4.0. References [1]A. Olaya, Bioinformática como recurso educativo: Proyecto de ingeniería, Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 2018. [2]L. Antoni, La Industria 4.0 en la sociedad digital, Barcelona: Marge Books, 2019. [3]d. V. José, «Industria 4.0: la transformación digital de la industria,» Universidad de Deusto, Deusto. [4]G. Mendizábal and A. Escalante, «El reto de la educación 4.0: competencias laborales para el trabajo emergentepor la covid-19,» RICSH, vol. 10, nº 19, pp. 261 - 283., 2021. [5]R. Ramirez-Mendoza, R. Morales-Menendez, H. Iqbal and R. Parra-Saldivar, «Educación en Ingeniería 4.0: - propuesta para un nuevo currículo,» de EDUCON, Conferencia Global de Educación en Ingeniería de la IEEE 2018, 2018. [6]T. P. Ngoc and N. M. Tri, «Desarrollar la educación superior en el contexto de la revolución industrial 4.0,» Multicultural Education, vol. 7, nº 6, pp. 208-217, 2021. [7]A. Benešová and J. Tupa, «Requisitos para la educación y calificación de las personas en la industria 4.0,» Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 11, pp. 2195-2202, 2017. [8]C. Huerta and M. Velázquez, «Educación 4.0 como respuesta a la Industria 4.0: un estudio analítico-descriptivo,» Ciencia Latina, vol. 5, nº 1, 2021. [9]R. L. Katz, «Capital humano para la transformación digital en América Latina,» CEPAL, 2018. [10]R. Pallás-Areny, «LA INGENIERÍA ELECTRÓNICA Y LA MEDICINA,» [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ramon-Pallas-Areny/publication/239813249_La_Ingenieria_electronica_y_la_medicina/links/0deec539fea82baf03000000/La-Ingenieria-electronica-y-la-medicina.pdf. [Last access: 27 12 2021]. [11]H. Medellín, G. González, R. Espinosa, E. Govea and T. Lim, «Desarrollo de Aplicaciones de Realidad Virtual y Sistemas Hápticos en Ingeniería, medicina y arte,» de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, San Luis Potosí-Mexico, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 2014, pp. 77-93. [12]S. Chris, E. Ray, J. Andrew and L. Jason, «Designing cranial implants in a haptic augmented reality environment,» Communications of the ACM, vol. 47, nº 8, pp. 33-38, 2004. [13]G. Sabine, K. Erwin and G. Bernd, «Advances in interactive craniofacial surgery planning by 3D simulation and visualization.,» Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 24, pp. 120-125, 1995. [14]P. Philipp, G. B. Alexander, P. Andreas, V. S. Norman, P. Bernhard, P. Andreas, H. Karl-Heinz, T. Ulf, S. Ingo and H. Max, «Virtual Dental Surgery as a New Educational Tool in Dental School,» Journal of Cranio- Maxillo-Facial Surgery, vol. 38, pp. 560-564, 2010. [15]C. Castañeda and F. Vázquez, «Realidad Virtual, un apoyo en la Terapia de Acrofobia, Claustrofobia y Agorafobia, » de Memorias del VIII Congreso Internacional sobre Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CIINDET 2011), Cuernavaca Morelos, México., 2011. [16]F. Suárez, O. Flor and L. Rosales, «Sistema de interpretación de conductas para identificación de situaciones de riesgo,» Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação, vol. E31, pp. 309-317, 2020. [17]La importancia de las letras, «La historia de la educación,» 2010. [Online]. Available: http://historiageneraldelaeducacion.blogspot.com/2010/03/historia-de-la-educacion-conclusion.html. [Last access: 27 11 2021]. [18]V. Guichot, «HISTORIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN: REFLEXIONES SOBRE SU OBJETO, UBICACIÓN EPISTEMOLÓGICA, DEVENIR HISTÓRICO Y TENDENCIAS ACTUALES,» Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos, vol. 2, nº 1, pp. 11-51, 2006. [19]K. Zambrano, «Línea de tiempo de la historia de la educación,» 13 septiembre 2018. [Online]. Available: https://prezi.com/p/oashlaqm_uxn/linea-del-tiempo-historia-de-la-educacion/. [Last access: 24 11 2021]. [20]M. Begoña Tellería, «Educación y nuevas tecnologías. Educación a Distancia y Educación Virtual,» Revista de Teoría y Didáctica de las Ciencias, nº 9, pp. 209-222, 2004. [21]R. Nieto, «EDUCACIÓN VIRTUAL O VIRTUALIDAD DE LA EDUCACIÓN,» Rev.hist.educ.latinoam, vol. 14, nº 19, 2012. [22]S. Levy, D. Romero and R. Pasini, «Implementacón práctica del agilismo en proyecto de Ingeniería de Software, » de XLV Jornadas Argentinas de Informática e Investigación Operativa, Argentina, 2016.

Producing Gold and Silver to Globalize the Economy during the Early Modern Era: San Luis Potosi and the Pacific Trade with Asia

This article presents evidence from archival sources that allows us to reconstruct the commercial networks that permitted the continuous flow of silver and gold from northern New Spain to Asia during the early modern era. These networks obtained various consumer goods – fabrics, spices, porcelain – that were then introduced into Spanish American markets. The narrative follows the bullion through its journey from the production center in San Luis Potosi to the Pacific and Asia. This vantage point contributes to the construction of a polycentric view within the framework of global history by assessing the role played by the American and Asiatic possessions of the Hispanic Empire in the first globalization. Using a methodological framework provided by social network analysis, the article presents a study of two commercial networks based in New Spain and extending to the Philippines and Peru. The essay underlines the role merchants played in mobilizing precious metals to accelerate exchanges and generate extraordinary profit margins.

Landscape Planning for Conservation: The Case of the Flora and Fauna Protection Area “Sierra de San Miguelito”, San Luis Potosi, Mexico

A supporting study was developed to identify the priority elements for conservation in the region called “Sierra de San Miguelito” (SSM), in the San Luis Potosi State (SLP), Mexico, with the purpose of establishing a federal protected natural area (PNA). The methodological approach used was the integral-spatial analysis applied in territorial planning processes. The study showed that the forests, xerophilous scrubland, and natural grasslands of the SSM present a high biodiversity, an abundance of endemism (27% of species are endemic to the country, n = 285), and protected species (5% of reported species). In addition, 32.74% of vertebrates and 18.32% of flora reported for SLP status is present in SSM, with an area that represents only 1.79% of the state territory. As a result of the study, an area of 109,638.95 ha was proposed to be declared a federally PNA. The area provides environmental services that favor the San Luis Potosí city (SLPc) and the surrounding population; therefore, its conservation will promote the preservation of natural, cultural, and landscape heritage, being a transversal axis for sustainable development in its area of influence. The result was the basis for starting the negotiation process, developed in 2021, for the creation of the PNA.