scholarly journals MultivariateQst–FstComparisons: A Neutrality Test for the Evolution of the G Matrix in Structured Populations

Genetics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 2135-2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Martin ◽  
Elodie Chapuis ◽  
Jérôme Goudet
Keyword(s):  
Structured Populations ◽  
Neutrality Test

Long Run Money Neutrality: The Case of Guatemala

2005 ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Neutrality Test ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

The Fisher and Seater (1993) methodology is used to test for the long run neutrality of money in Guatemala, 1950-2001. Real GDP, real per capita GDP, and the money measures, M1 and M2, are integrated of order one [1(1)]. Given these orders of integration, the Fisher-Seater neutrality test can be applied. The evidence suggests that M1 and M2 are neutral with respect to real GDP. Furthermore, the test indicates that M1, but not M2, is neutral with respect to real per capita GDP as well.

scholarly journals Frequency responses of age-structured populations: Pacific salmon as an example

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Worden ◽  
Louis W. Botsford ◽  
Alan Hastings ◽  
Matthew D. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Age Structured

scholarly journals Hierarchical Analysis of Nucleotide Diversity in Geographically Structured Populations

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent E Holsinger ◽  
Roberta J Mason-Gamer
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Rooted Tree ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Hierarchical Analysis ◽  
Restriction Site Variation ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Existing methods for analyzing nucleotide diversity require investigators to identify relevant hierarchical levels before beginning the analysis. We describe a method that partitions diversity into hierarchical components while allowing any structure present in the data to emerge naturally. We present an unbiased version of Nei's nucleotide diversity statistics and show that our modification has the same properties as Wright's  F  ST. We compare its statistical properties with several other F  ST estimators, and we describe how to use these statistics to produce a rooted tree of relationships among the sampled populations in which the mean time to coalescence of haplotypes drawn from populations belonging to the same node is smaller than the mean time to coalescence of haplotypes drawn from populations belonging to different nodes. We illustrate the method by applying it to data from a recent survey of restriction site variation in the chloroplast genome of Coreopsis grandiflora.

scholarly journals Evolution of extortion in structured populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Szolnoki ◽  
Matjaž Perc
Keyword(s):  
Structured Populations

scholarly journals Asymmetric competition causes multimodal size distributions in spatially structured populations

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1823) ◽  
pp. 20152404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Velázquez ◽  
Robert B. Allen ◽  
David A. Coomes ◽  
Markus P. Eichhorn
Keyword(s):  
Resource Competition ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Asymmetric Competition ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Multimodal Distributions ◽  
Using Data

Plant sizes within populations often exhibit multimodal distributions, even when all individuals are the same age and have experienced identical conditions. To establish the causes of this, we created an individual-based model simulating the growth of trees in a spatially explicit framework, which was parametrized using data from a long-term study of forest stands in New Zealand. First, we demonstrate that asymmetric resource competition is a necessary condition for the formation of multimodal size distributions within cohorts. By contrast, the legacy of small-scale clustering during recruitment is transient and quickly overwhelmed by density-dependent mortality. Complex multi-layered size distributions are generated when established individuals are restricted in the spatial domain within which they can capture resources. The number of modes reveals the effective number of direct competitors, while the separation and spread of modes are influenced by distances among established individuals. Asymmetric competition within local neighbourhoods can therefore generate a range of complex size distributions within even-aged cohorts.

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