¿Qué sabemos y qué nos falta estudiar sobre agentes infecciosos transmitidos por garrapatas en Costa Rica?

Gaby Dolz; Alexander Barrantes González; Marta C. Bonilla; Liliana Campos; Laura Bouza Mora; Mauricio Jiménez Soto; Juan José Romero Zúñiga; Ana E. Jiménez

doi:10.15359/rcv.36-3.35

¿Qué sabemos y qué nos falta estudiar sobre agentes infecciosos transmitidos por garrapatas en Costa Rica?

Revista Ciencias Veterinarias ◽

10.15359/rcv.36-3.35 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Gaby Dolz ◽

Alexander Barrantes González ◽

Marta C. Bonilla ◽

Liliana Campos ◽

Laura Bouza Mora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Ehrlichia Canis ◽

Hepatozoon Canis ◽

De Medicina ◽

Babesia Spp ◽

Theileria Spp

Las condiciones propias de un país tropical como Costa Rica representan grandes ventajas para ladistribución y actividad de las garrapatas, así como facilita que exista una serie de hospedadores paraeste tipo de ectoparásitos. Ambos factores inciden en la presentación y prevalencia de enfermedadesvectoriales zoonóticas. En el presente trabajo se presentan los principales resultados obtenidos en lasinvestigaciones realizadas durante los últimos diez años en la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, en lascuales se ha determinado la presencia, se ha estimado la prevalencia y se ha establecido la importancia,en la salud pública, de agentes rickettsiales (Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp. y Rickettsia spp.), piroplasmas(Babesia spp., Theileria spp.), y Hepatozoon canis en animales domésticos (caninos, felinos, equinosy ovinos), animales silvestres (mapaches, pizotes, venados cola blanca) y garrapatas de nuestro país.Además, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en un estudio serológico de donadores de sangre; enespecial, la identificación de un nuevo genotipo de Ehrlichia canis hallado en ellos. Finalmente, sediscute sobre la diseminación, transmisión y curso de las diferentes enfermedades, como también sobreel diagnóstico, el tratamiento y los estudios que hacen falta para establecer las medidas de controlapropiadas a adoptar para el control de estas enfermedades en nuestro país.

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Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia spp., Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs on Costa Rica

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.1515/ap-2015-0003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lanjing Wei ◽

Patrick Kelly ◽

Kate Ackerson ◽

Heba S. El-Mahallawy ◽

Bernhard Kaltenboeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Dirofilaria Immitis ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Ehrlichia Canis ◽

Hepatozoon Canis ◽

Anaplasma Platys ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Tropical Areas ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Babesia Spp

AbstractAlthough vector-borne diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs in tropical areas, there is little information on these conditions in Costa Rica. In PCRs of blood from dogs in Costa Rica, we did not detect DNAs of Rickettsia (R.) felis and Coxiella (C.) burnetii but we did find evidence of infection with Dirofilaria (D.) immitis (9/40, 22.5%), Hepatozoon (H.) canis (15/40, 37.5%), Babesia spp. (10/40, 25%; 2 with B. gibsoni and 8 with B. vogeli), Anaplasma (A.) platys (3/40, 7.5%) and Ehrlichia (E.) canis (20/40, 50%). Nine dogs (22.5%) were free of any vector-borne pathogens while 14 (35%) were infected with a single pathogen, 11 (27.5%) with two, 4 (10%) with three, 1 (2.5%) with four, and 1 (2.5%) with five pathogens. Dogs in Costa Rica are commonly infected with vector-borne agents

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Occurrence of Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis and probable exposure to Rickettsia amblyommatis in dogs and cats in Natal, RN

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-296120180065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 151-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcos Gomes Lopes ◽

Felipe da Silva Krawczak ◽

Julia Teresa Ribeiro de Lima ◽

Gislene Fatima da Silva Rocha Fournier ◽

Igor da Cunha Lima Acosta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spotted Fever ◽

Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

Ehrlichia Canis ◽

Hepatozoon Canis ◽

Spotted Fever Group ◽

Accession Number ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Control Center ◽

Related Genotype ◽

Babesia Spp

Abstract Occurrence of infection or exposure to Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Rickettsia spp. was detected in feral cats living in two fragments from Atlantic rainforest, in Natal, RN, Brazil, and in dogs living around the parks. While serum samples were collected from 155 animals (53 cats living in the parks; 29 dogs living in human homes around the parks; and 73 dogs living at an animal control center - ACC), spleen samples were collected from 20 dogs that were euthanized at ACC. Serum samples were analyzed to Rickettsia spp. and E. canis antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Seventeen of the 102 dogs (17%) had E. canis antibodies and 13% (20/155) of all dogs and cats (i.e. 3% (3/102) of the dogs and 32% (17/53) of the cats) were seropositive for Rickettsia spp. antigens. The animals were therefore been exposed to R. amblyommatis or by a very closely related genotype. Among the 20 dog spleen samples analyzed, eight were PCR positive for E. canis and two for H. canis (GenBank accession number MG772657 and MG772658, respectively). In none of the spleen samples were obtained amplicons for Babesia spp. through PCR. This study provided the first evidence that Rickettsia of the spotted fever group is circulating among dogs and cats in Natal.

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Detección molecular y análisis filogenético de Hepatozoon canis (Eucoccidiorida: Haemogregarinidae) en perros clínicamente sanos de Bahía Blanca (Buenos Aires)

FAVE Sección Ciencias Veterinarias ◽

10.14409/favecv.v16i1.6651 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 46-49

Author(s):

Gabriel CICUTTIN ◽

María N. DE SALVO

Keyword(s):

Buenos Aires ◽

Hepatozoon Canis ◽

San Luis ◽

Babesia Spp ◽

Theileria Spp

Las enfermedades caninas causadas por protozoarios y transmitidas por garrapatas representan un importante problema en medicina veterinaria. El objetivo del estudio fue detectar molecularmente Hepatozoon spp., Babesia spp. y Theileria spp. en perros clínicamente sanos de distintas regiones de Argentina y analizar la diversidad genética de los hallazgos obtenidos. Se analizaron 163 muestras de ADN de sangre de perros (40 de Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; 33 de Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires; 15 de Castelli, Chaco; 27 de Salsipuedes, Córdoba; 40 de Merlo, San Luis; y 8 de San Miguel, Corrientes). Mediante una PCR que amplifica un fragmento variable (460-540 pb) del gen ARNr 18S incluyendo la región V4 de los géneros Hepatozoon, Babesia y Theileria, el 12,1 % (4/33) de los perros de Bahía Blanca (Buenos Aires) resultaron positivos. Las secuencias obtenidas se identificaron como Hepatozoon canis y resultaron filogenéticamente similares a hallazgos en Sudamérica y en el resto del mundo. El estudio de H. canis en Argentina mediante técnicas moleculares de diagnóstico junto con el análisis filogenético resulta de suma importancia para conocer la situación de este patógeno en el país.

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Ticks and associated pathogens in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Riyadh province, Saudi Arabia

10.21203/rs.2.19258/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah Daria Alanazi ◽

Viet Linh Nguyen ◽

Mohamed Saleh Alyousif ◽

Ranju Ravindran Santhakumari Manoj ◽

Abdulaziz Saleh Alouffi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Hepatozoon Canis ◽

Hyalomma Dromedarii ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Hyalomma Excavatum ◽

Prevalent Species ◽

Babesia Spp ◽

Theileria Spp

Abstract Background: Camel production in Saudi Arabia is severely affected by various diseases and by inadequate veterinary services. Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs ) affect the health and wellbeing of camels consequently diminishing their productivity and performances. In addition, camels may act as hosts for TBPs (e.g. Anaplasma phagocytophilum ) causing diseases in humans. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of ixodid ticks and molecularly investigate the associated pathogens in camels from Saudi Arabia. Methods: Blood and tick samples were collected from camels ( n = 170) in Riyad Province of Saudi Arabia. Ticks were morphologically identified, and blood of camels were molecularly screened for apicomplexan (i.e. Babesia spp . , Theileria spp., Hepatozoon spp.) and rickettsial parasites (i.e. Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp.). Results: Of the 170 camels examined, 116 (68.2%; 95% CI: 60.9–75.1%) were infested by ticks with a mean intensity of 2.53 (95% CI: 2.4–2.6). In total of 296 ticks collected, Hyalomma dromedarii was the most prevalent (76.4%), followed by Hyalomma impeltatum (23.3%) and Hyalomma excavatum (0.3%). Of the tested animals, 13 (7.6%; 95% CI: 4.3–12.8%) scored positive to at least one TBP, with Anaplasma platys (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.7–9.9%) being the most prevalent species, followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis (0.6% each; 95% CI: 0.04–3.4%). None of the camels were found to be co-infected with more than one pathogen. All samples tested negative for Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. Conclusions: The present study reveals the occurrence of different tick species and tick-borne pathogens in camels from Saudi Arabia. Importantly, these camels may carry A. phagocytophilum and A. platys , representing a potential risk to humans.

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Ticks and associated pathogens in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Riyadh province, Saudi Arabia

10.21203/rs.2.19258/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah Daria Alanazi ◽

Viet Linh Nguyen ◽

Mohamed Saleh Alyousif ◽

Ranju Ravindran Santhakumari Manoj ◽

Abdulaziz Saleh Alouffi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Hepatozoon Canis ◽

Veterinary Services ◽

Hyalomma Dromedarii ◽

Hyalomma Excavatum ◽

Prevalent Species ◽

Babesia Spp ◽

Theileria Spp

Abstract Background Camel production in Saudi Arabia is severely affected by various diseases and by inadequate veterinary services. Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) represent a major threat to the health of camels consequently affecting their productivity and performances. In addition, camels may act as hosts for TBPs (e.g. Anaplasma phagocytophilum ) causing diseases in humans. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of ixodid ticks and molecularly investigate the associated pathogens in camels from Saudi Arabia. Methods Blood and tick samples were collected from camels (n=170) in Riyad Province of Saudi Arabia. Ticks were morphologically identified and blood of camels were molecularly screened for apicomplexan (i.e. Babesia spp ., Theileria spp., Hepatozoon spp.) and rickettsial parasites (i.e. Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp.). Results Of the 170 camels examined, 116 (68.2%; 95% CI: 60.9–75.1) were infested by ticks with a mean intensity of 2.53 (95% CI =2.4–2.6). In total of 296 ticks collected, Hyalomma dromedarii was the most prevalent (76.4%), followed by Hyalomma impeltatum (23.3%) and Hyalomma excavatum (0.3%). Of the tested animals, 13 (7.6%; 95% CI: 4.3–12.8) scored positive to at least one TBP, with Anaplasma platys (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.7–9.9) being the most prevalent species, followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis (0.6% each; 95% CI: 0.04–3.4). None of the camels were found to be co-infected with more than one pathogen. All samples tested negative for Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. Conclusions Current study reveals the occurrence of different tick species and tick-borne pathogens in camels from Saudi Arabia. Importantly, these camels may carry A. phagocytophilum and A. platys , representing a potential risk to humans.

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Ticks and associated pathogens in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Riyadh province, Saudi Arabia

10.21203/rs.2.19258/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah Daria Alanazi ◽

Viet Linh Nguyen ◽

Mohamed Saleh Alyousif ◽

Ranju Ravindran Santhakumari Manoj ◽

Abdulaziz Saleh Alouffi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Hepatozoon Canis ◽

Veterinary Services ◽

Hyalomma Dromedarii ◽

Hyalomma Excavatum ◽

Prevalent Species ◽

Babesia Spp ◽

Theileria Spp

Abstract Background Camel production in Saudi Arabia is severely affected by various diseases and by inadequate veterinary services. Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) represent a major threat to the health of camels consequently affecting their productivity and performances. In addition, camels may act as hosts for TBPs (e.g. Anaplasma phagocytophilum ) causing diseases in humans. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of ixodid ticks and molecularly investigate the associated pathogens in camels from Saudi Arabia.Methods Blood and tick samples were collected from camels (n=170) in Riyad Province of Saudi Arabia. Ticks were morphologically identified and blood of camels were molecularly screened for apicomplexan (i.e. Babesia spp ., Theileria spp., Hepatozoon spp.) and rickettsial parasites (i.e. Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp.).Results Of the 170 camels examined, 116 (68.2%; 95% CI: 60.9–75.1) were infested by ticks with a mean intensity of 2.53 (95% CI =2.4–2.6). In total of 296 ticks collected, Hyalomma dromedarii was the most prevalent (76.4%), followed by Hyalomma impeltatum (23.3%) and Hyalomma excavatum (0.3%). Of the tested animals, 13 (7.6%; 95% CI: 4.3–12.8) scored positive to at least one TBP, with Anaplasma platys (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.7–9.9) being the most prevalent species, followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis (0.6% each; 95% CI: 0.04–3.4). None of the camels were found to be co-infected with more than one pathogen. All samples tested negative for Babesia spp. and Theileria spp.Conclusions Current study reveals the occurrence of different tick species and tick-borne pathogens in camels from Saudi Arabia. Importantly, these camels may carry A. phagocytophilum and A. platys , representing a potential risk to humans.

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Primer reporte de parásitos gastrointestinales en Jirafas (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) de cautiverio, Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Revista Ciencias Veterinarias ◽

10.15359/rcv.36-1.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Esteban Palacios Quirós ◽

Ana Eugenia Jiménez Rocha ◽

Tania Pivovarova

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Giraffa Camelopardalis ◽

Para Determinar ◽

De Medicina

La jirafa (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata), es una especie de ungulado poligástrico, originario del continente africano cuyas poblaciones en cautiverio han aumentado de manera exponencial. Las enfermedades parasitarias se catalogan como una de las principales causas de mortalidad en esta especie. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las especies y géneros de parásitos gastrointestinales (PGI) en jirafas de cautiverio en Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Se analizó en total 37 muestras de heces de 10 jirafas procedentes de un centro turístico. Las cuales se recolectaron de enero a mayo del 2017 en cuatro muestreos, excepto a una de ellas, nacida durante el estudio. El muestreo se realizó al momento de la defecación. Las heces fueron transportadas en frío a una temperatura de ≈4 oC, y remitidas al Laboratorio de Parasitología de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional. Las muestras fueron procesadas por técnicas coprológicas (Sheather, y sedimentación) para determinar la presencia de huevos de nematodos, trematodos y cestodos; inmunológicas (FasTest® Crypto-Giardia Strip), para detectar parásitos zoonóticos como Cryptosporidium parvum y Giardia duodenalis; McMaster para determinar la carga parasitaria (huevos por gramos de heces= HPG) del grupo Strongylida y el coprocultivo para determinar el porcentaje de larvas infectantes (L3). El 100 % de las jirafas analizadas fueron positivas a PGI, teniendo toda la población parásitos del grupo Strongylida. Las L3 identificadas correspondieron a 100 % Haemonchus spp., 10 % Cooperia spp. y 20 % Strongyloides papillosus. No se encontraron PGI zoonóticos. El rango de HPG fluctuó de < 50 a 625. El porcentaje de larvas infectantes del grupo Strongylida identificadas por coprocultivo fue 100 % (10/10) de Haemonchus spp. y 10 % (1/10) de Cooperia spp. Únicamente una jirafa tuvo infección mixta por Haemonchus y Cooperia. Este estudio representa el primer reporte de la presencia de PGI en jirafas de Costa Rica, y es el primero que identifica Cooperia spp. y Strongyloides papillosus en el nivel mundial.

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