The improvement of agricultural production efficiency and the transformation of production mode are the core of promoting agricultural modernization. Taking Chongqing as a sample case, this paper uses DEA-CCR Model, Malmquist Index and Tobit Model to calculate and analyze its agricultural production efficiency and its influencing factors, and accurately identifies the problems existing in its agricultural transformation and development. It has an important policy reference value for improving agricultural innovation and competitiveness, promoting the steady development of rural revitalization, and realizing agricultural modernization, which also provides some reference and enlightenment for countries or regions with similar characteristics of mountain agriculture development in the world to enhance regional agricultural production efficiency. Through empirical analysis and investigation, it is found that the overall agricultural production efficiency of Chongqing remains at the productivity level of 0.8 from 2009 to 2018, with an average annual growth rate of 12.8%, but there is a large gap in the level of regional development. Through Malmquist Index decomposition, it is found that agricultural technology progress has the greatest contribution to the improvement of production efficiency. Financial support for agriculture, urbanization level, regional economic development level and highway mileage have a significant positive impact on production efficiency, while the level of farmers’ disposable income has a negative impact on the increase of production efficiency, and the income gap between urban and rural residents fails to pass the significance test.
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