productivity level
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Author(s):  
Ali BAKO OUSMANE ◽  
Mehmet ŞIŞMAN

This paper aims to investigate structural convergence in selected African countries over the period 1994-2019. Using panel data for 48 African countries and several estimation methods [Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), tobit model, instrumental variable, and Granger non-causality], the results show the existence of the phenomenon of sectoral structural convergence in Africa, i.e. a greater similarity in sectoral structures while income gaps are narrowing. The paper also highlights the service sector's low relative productivity level and industrial sector's low labor force attractiveness despite a significant shift in labor from the agricultural sector and a higher level of relative productivity respectively. To address this issue, the development and acquisition of human and physical capital would be necessary to develop the industrial sector and increase the service sector's productivity.


F1000Research ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Abdullah Sallehhuddin ◽  
Teo Boon Keong ◽  
Norzarina Md Yatim

Background: The corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure was made mandatory in Malaysia in 2007 with the introduction of the CSR Framework by Bursa Malaysia. Since then, the practice of CSR disclosure is growing, as Malaysia joins global efforts towards sustainable development. Despite increased research on CSR; limited studies are assessing the relationship of specific dimensions – environmental, community, workplace and marketplace, towards dividend payout, which is crucial to investment and corporate financial decision making.  Method: The study involved 32 Malaysian public listed finance companies as of 2017. It deployed data from annual reports and databases. Additionally, the study used content analysis to measure the CSR disclosure score, and dividend payout was calculated from the database.   Results: There was a significant correlation between community and workplace dimensions with dividend payout. Despite the absence of significant results, the regression analysis showed a positive relationship between community and workplace dimensions with dividend payout. Besides, there was an inverse relationship between the environmental and marketplace dimension with dividend payout. The results indicated that active involvement in the community dimension resulted from an immediate positive impact towards brand equity, attracting current and new customers, and therefore improving the earning levels and dividend payout. Additionally, greater participation in the workplace dimension solidifies employees' engagement and motivation, improves the productivity level, which can be translated into enhanced earning levels and dividend payout. Meanwhile, participation in environmental and marketplace dimensions requires a longer period to yield an impact, higher development expenditure, and involve sensitive information that might benefit competitors. Hence, companies tend to utilise internal funding instead of redistributing the wealth through dividend payout.        Conclusion: The study contributes to the literature of CSR by explaining the relationship of specific dimensions of environmental, community, workplace, and marketplace towards dividend payout using the evidence from the emerging economy.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Jinghong Wei ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Sang-Bing Tsai

Facing the new form and situation of the Huaihe Economic Zone, it is of great significance to analyze the sources of growth and the intrinsic mechanism of the green total factor productivity of its economic-ecological system, to grasp the spatial and temporal characteristics of green total factor productivity, and to study the influence of each factor on green total factor productivity to achieve sustainable economic development in the Huaihe Economic Zone. Based on the clarification of economic growth theory, green economy theory, carbon cycle theory, and green total factor productivity theory, this paper identifies and discusses the limitation that the existing research literature often ignores the endogenous role of carbon sinks when measuring green total factor productivity. Then, the green total factor productivity of Huaihe Economic Zone based on carbon cycle from 2004 to 2017 is measured using the superefficient nonradial SBM model. Combined with the GML productivity index, it is decomposed into technical progress and technical efficiency and analyzed in comparison with the green total factor productivity without considering ecological purification capacity (carbon sink) from the perspective of time and space. Finally, the spatial Durbin model is used to analyze the effects of seven variables, including the level of economic development, environmental regulation, R&D level, and openness to the outside world, on green total factor productivity in the Huaihe Economic Zone, and to analyze the direct and indirect effects of each variable on green total factor productivity. TFP based on expected output carbon sink and GDP overall outperforms TFP based on expected output GDP only, mainly because the growth of technical efficiency is underestimated when carbon sink is not considered. Technical efficiency and technological progress are equally important for the growth of TFP in an eco-economic perspective. It is of great practical significance for both the comprehensive understanding of the green total factor productivity level and the improvement path of the ecosystem and the coordinated and sustainable development of the Huaihe Economic Zone.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Goyal ◽  
Shivi Agarwal ◽  
Trilok Mathur

This study aims to build a framework for measuring the productivity in the public transport sector through a data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. This paper extends the Malmquist productivity index (MP1) and Luenberger productivity indicator (I.P1) evaluation with the concept of an input-oriented new slack model (NSM). NSM model measures the efficiency with the effect of slacks and satisfies unit invariance, radial and translation invariance properties. In particular, the purpose of the proposed extension is to obtain the overall productivity change in terms of technical change (Frontier Shift) and technical efficiency change (Catch-up Effect) for Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC) bus depots from 2008 to 2019. For this purpose, the number of buses, number of employers, fuel consumption and route distance arc are considered input variables, while passenger-kilometres occupied and vehicle utilisation are output variables. Finally, the result demonstrates that the average total factor productivity (TFP) growth of 46 depots using MPI and LPI over the study period is 1.956% and 1.409%, respectively. This study enables policy-maker and managers to evaluate the input to reach consistent output up to an optimum level and understand the process of improving the productivity level for the bus depots.


Author(s):  
Ashok Gulati

AbstractIndia has come a long way from being a food scarce nation in the 1960s to a food surplus nation thereafter. The remarkable transformation of the agricultural sector was the result of massive improvements in productivity level owing to the Green Revolution in the case of cereals and the breakthrough that followed in few other agricultural commodities, most notably, dairying. Today, India is the largest producer of milk, pulses, banana, mango, pomegranate, papaya, lemon, okra, ginger and non-food crops like cotton and jute; the second-largest producer of rice, wheat, fruits and vegetables, tea and one of the leading producers of eggs and meat in the world. India produced 281.8 million tonnes of food grains, 307.7 million tonnes of horticulture crops, 176.5 million tonnes of milk, 96 billion eggs and 7.7 million tonnes of meat during TE 2018–19.


Author(s):  
Yüksel Okşak ◽  
Cüneyt Koyuncu

Incoming foreign direct investments (FDI) may enhance the productivity level of the host country by bringing new advanced technologies. On the other hand, the nexus of FDI and productivity, rather than being linear, might be nonlinear because the effect of increases and decreases in FDI on productivity may not be symmetric. In this sense, this study investigates the asymmetric relationship between FDI and productivity in Turkey by using two different productivity indicators (i.e., PROD1 and PROD2) and employing a Nonlinear ARDL approach. Our hypothesis claims there is an asymmetric association between FDI and productivity in the long run in Turkey. Nonlinear cointegration test findings indicate that selected variables are cointegrated. Hence, they move together in the long run. Our study uses aggregated data at the macro level to analyze the long-term asymmetric relationship between foreign direct investment and labor productivity in Turkey using the NARDL estimation technique. Concerning the estimation results, a long-run nonlinear relationship between incoming FDI and labor productivity was detected, and this finding remained valid across two models constructed by using two distinct labor productivity indicators. As a whole, our results are consistent with the ones found in the literature. Besides, for the first time in the literature, this study addresses the long-run asymmetric nexus between FDI and labor productivity by using macro-level data specific to Turkey and makes various policy recommendations.


Author(s):  
Abdur Rahim

This study aims to determine the impact of the Pandan Duri dam on changes in the Crop Index (IP) and changes in the productivity level of rice paddy farming in West Sakra District, East Lombok Regency. The method in this research is descriptive, data collection is done by survey technique. Determination of the number of samples as many as 30 people is done by sampling quota and taking farmers in each village is done by proportional random sampling and determining the village as a sample is done by purposive sampling. The results showed that: 1) The total planting index (IP) of lowland rice before the Pandan Duri dam in West Sakra District was 1.39 and after 2.12. This means that the existence of the Pandan Duri dam can have an impact on the difference in the Crop Index (IP) of lowland rice farming in Sakra District and, 2) The average productivity of rice before the Pandan Duri dam in West Sakra District was 49,682 Kw/Ha while after the Pandan Duri dam was 57,267 Kw/Ha and there was a significant difference at the alpha 5% (0,05) level.or in the other word, that the existence of Pandan Duri development has real/significant impact on the productivity of lowland rice farming in West Sakra District, East Lombok Regency


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Jose Landaeta Rivas ◽  
Michael Bradley Cotten ◽  
Paulinus Abhyudaya Bimastianto ◽  
Shreepad Purushottam Khambete ◽  
Suhail Mohammed Al Ameri ◽  
...  

Abstract COVID-19 pandemic shifted the conventional working paradigms, forcing an accelerated adaptability to remote working, ensuring the wellbeing of the employees without sacrificing the effectiveness, in compliance to 100% HSE. To overcome this challenge, Drilling Real Time Operations Center (RTOC) transformed the conventional Monitoring Onsite Hub into a full virtual collaborative remote center operated from each individual's place. This paper describes how RTOC successfully, continued to support drilling operations off-site through secure portal during work-from-home period. RTOC ensured to have the sufficient connectivity resources and security protocols to access the IT company environment and execute the tasks at the same productivity level, as operating from the hub. The platform design involved virtual machine remoting in an integrated communication environment, in synergy with the conventional ways of communication. Several data access points were developed to ensure an unstoppable link between operational teams and the data deliverables. To grantee productivity, KPIs were established and closely monitored, e.g. active rigs count, connectivity issues, software support, real-time drilling performance reporting, engineering computations, with continuous quality audits. Despite several challenges at start due to change in the nature of the work, RTOC successfully overcame the difficulties by having proper procedures and infrastructure in place. The virtual collaborative environment allowed the team to operate the center remotely and meet the targets for deliverables. Defining a clear communication protocol created efficiency when addressing data aggregation problems. As a result, RTOC was able to maintain the resolution time for data aggregation issues and continue to produce drilling performance reports within time. RTOC launched a mobile application for drilling real-time monitoring to support user mobility prior to the mandate of work-from-home policy. RTOC continued to support drilling operations during work-from-home period by providing real-time computations for drilling operations, doing real-time interactions for drilling events and introducing data analytics platform for users to analyze drilling performance. In summary, systematic implementation of the workflows and following clear chain of command have proven to be effective in ensuring business continuity of RTOC. Building trust and respect helped boost the morale and productivity of the team while ensuring their safety and wellbeing. The pandemic has been, indeed, a tough period for the world but the shift of working lifestyle was indeed a unique experience. It broadened the horizon for RTOC to develop advanced collaboration tools and upgrade the infrastructure to be future-ready for higher mobility. This novelty can also be adopted as standard procedure for Emergency Response Plan.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Pramadhi Dharma

Currently, many countries around the globe including Indonesia are hugely affected by a novel pandemic COVID-19. This pandemic has impacted the economic and social sectors as well as caused dramatic changes in work patterns. Many employees are forced to shift their current working style from the office to work from home (WFH). This study aims to determine the impact of WFH on employee performance and to provide information regarding the advantages and disadvantages of WFH during the COVID-19 pandemic from the employee perspective. This exploratory study used the descriptive method and the data were obtained from the responses of 75 employees that are currently on WFH at different sectors in Surabaya. Evidently, 63% of the respondents are private employees, followed by 33% of them belongs to government employees, and 4% of employees have their state-owned enterprises. There were 83% of employees who experiences WFH due to the prevention of spreading COVID-19 transmission. The analysis of the work performance revealed that 47% of the respondents did not experience any differences between WFH and conventional office’s working style. In addition, 29% of employees expressed their opinion regarding the decrease in productivity level during WFH, and 20% of them admitted that their performance level elevated during WFH. In fact, based on the employees’ opinions, the biggest advantages of WFH include flexible working hours, efficient personal budget cuts for transportation costs, and more quality time to spend with families. However, the disadvantages of WHF are the increase in internet and electricity cost, some tasks from work that could not be performed at home such as scientific laboratory experiments, and the lack of focus to work properly due to distraction at home especially if they have their children around all time. Furthermore, even though work from home was accepted by most employees, but according to some correspondents’ opinions, the current WFH trend was not ideal for many different types of jobs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 936 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Atika Izzaty ◽  
Bangun Muljo Sukojo

Abstract Land is an important factor in human life. In addition of land use that continue to increase every year. Land use is an element of meeting needs. This situation often makes the condition of the land around it questionable the content and level of land productivity. Land whose productivity level is lost can cause critical land to occur. Coupled with the occurrence of uncontrolled development, land productivity has decreased. By using the application of remote sensing, it is able to monitor land conditions, one of which is by using Sentinel-2A data. Sentinel-2A image data was selected to identify the condition or distribution of critical land and critical land parameters that has the most influence on criticality level of the land with Sentinel-2A imagery with a spatial resolution of 10 meters for Red, Green, Blue, and Near-Infrared canals to perform NDVI classification processing. closely related to vegetation. Based on the Regulation of the Director General of Watershed Management and Social Forestry Number: P.4/V-SET/2013 concerning the Technical Guidelines for the Preparation of Spatial Data for Critical Lands, there are 5 parameters for determining the criticality of the processed land as indicators, including the level of erosion distribution, productivity land, land management, slope, and vegetation density. Based on the results of the study, the researchers found that the distribution of critical land in Lahat Regency was 19 hectares or 0.56%, the critical class was 36,090 hectares or 10.1%, the critical potential class was 142,140 hectares or 42.1%, the class which was slightly critical is 156,860 hectares or 46.5%, and non critical class is 3 hectares or 0.074%. for very critical class. These results can be seen with the parameter that most affects the criticality of the land is vegetation density.


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