What Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Has Got to Do with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome and viceversa?

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tarantino ◽  
Vincenzo Citro ◽  
Carmine Finelli
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) are common conditions, frequently encountered in patients with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome. NAFLD and OSAS are complex diseases that involve an interaction of several intertwined factors. Several lines of evidence lend credence to an immune system derangement in these patients, i.e. the low grade chronic inflammation status, reckoned to be the most important factor in causing and maintaining these two illnesses. Furthermore, it is emphasized the main role of spleen involvement, as a novel mechanism. In this review the contribution of the visceral adiposity in both NAFLD and OSAS is stressed as well as the role of intermittent hypoxia. Finally, a post on the prevention of systemic inflammation is made.Abbreviations: ALT: alanine aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; CCR2: chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2; CRP: C-reactive protein; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; FFA: free fatty acid; IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor; IR: insulin resistance; IL-6: interleukin-6; IH: intermittent hypoxia; IKK-β: IκB kinase β; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NEFA: non-esterified fatty acid; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB; OSAS: obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; T2D: type 2 diabetes.

Obstructive sleep apnoea is common in adults with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wiscombe ◽  
Julia Newton ◽  
Christopher Day ◽  
John Gibson ◽  
Sophie West
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals 343 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypoxia are Associated With More Advanced Fibrosis in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. S-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha S. Sundaram ◽  
Jillian S. Sullivan ◽  
Ronald J. Sokol ◽  
Kristen N. Robbins ◽  
Kelley Capocelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Complications of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Extrahepatic Organs

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Wataru Tomeno ◽  
Kento Imajo ◽  
Takuya Takayanagi ◽  
Yu Ebisawa ◽  
Kosuke Seita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Related Mortality

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now recognized as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, along with the concurrent epidemics of metabolic syndrome and obesity. Patients with NAFLD have increased risks of end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related mortality. However, the largest cause of death among patients with NAFLD is cardiovascular disease followed by extrahepatic malignancies, whereas liver-related mortality is only the third cause of death. Extrahepatic complications of NAFLD include chronic kidney disease, extrahepatic malignancies (such as colorectal cancer), psychological dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, periodontitis, hypothyroidism, growth hormone deficiency, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. The objective of this narrative review was to summarize recent evidences about extrahepatic complications of NAFLD, with focus on the prevalent/incident risk of such diseases in patients with NAFLD. To date, an appropriate screening method for extrahepatic complications has not yet been determined. Collaborative care with respective experts seems to be necessary for patient management because extrahepatic complications can occur across multiple organs. Further studies are needed to reveal risk profiles at baseline and to determine an appropriate screening method for extrahepatic diseases.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Update on treatment options and translational implications of sleep disruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 032-038
Author(s):  
D’Souza Steve M ◽  
Yoo Byung S ◽  
Houston Kevin V ◽  
Patel Ankit J ◽  
Parekh Parth J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition that is associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and is increasing in prevalence worldwide. Sleep disruptions are commonly seen in NAFLD, and the disease process is associated with sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea, circadian rhythm disorders, and insufficient sleep. The intermittent hypoxia seen in obstructive sleep apnea may contribute to fibrotic changes in the liver. A major component of this linkage may be related to gut microbiome changes. One notable change is increase in Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, and decrease in flora that ferment fiber into anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids. Several therapeutic options exist for NAFLD that target both sleep and NAFLD, including non-pharmacological factors, such as lifestyle modification (mainly diet and exercise). Pharmacological options include melatonin, Vitamin E, thiazolidinediones, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Core tip The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is closely tied to sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities, through shared inflammatory pathways and altered metabolism. This review explores the pathogenesis of NAFLD in the context of sleep and circadian abnormalities. The associated inflammatory response is linked to changes in gut-microbiome interactions that contribute to the disease process. Understanding of this linkage has implications for various therapies for disease mitigation.

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