Pembaruan Fiqih Indonesia (Telaah Tafsir Al-Bayan Karya T.M Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Sobari Sutarip
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Complete Interpretation

This paper discusses the methodology of interpreting the Koran by Teungku Muhammad Hasbi Ash Shiddieqy in Tafsir al Bayan. Tafsir Al Bayan is one of the interpretations of the work of the nation's children in the mid-20th century using Indonesian. Tafsir Al Bayan contains a complete interpretation of the Koran and 30 juz translations published in 1966. Tafsir Al Bayan is Hasbi's second work in the field of interpretation after he succeeded in writing his first work, Tafsir An Nur complete 30 Juz in 1956. The purpose of this research is to know the methodology of the exegete in interpreting the Koran. The method used in this research is the method of text analysis of the Al Bayan interpretation in particular, as well as referring to Hasbi's other works and studies on the study of the Al Bayan Tafsir and Hasbi's thoughts in various articles and journals. Research on the interpretation of T.M Hasbi in Tafsir Al Bayan produced several findings, namely: 1) Ittijah or the direction of T.M Hasbi's goals in writing Tafsir Al Bayan are; first, to perfect the translations of the Koran that have developed in Indonesian society. Second, provide concise comments explaining the meaning of the verses which require explanation according to the new style of interpreting the verses of the Quran. 2) The method used by T.M Hasbi in interpreting the Koran is the tahlili method by comparing the opinions of other mufassirs. 3) The approach used by T.M Hasbi in interpreting the Qur'an in general is the bir ro'yi approach, but the elements of bil ma'tsur and linguistic elements also color in Hasbi's interpretation. 4) Interpretation style Ttafsir al Bayan is identical to fiqh style which is full of tajdid and ijtihad nuances. T.M Hasbi's appeal and strong encouragement for Tajdid and ijtihad are an important element in distinguishing Tafsir Al Bayan from others.

scholarly journals Phonetic traits of the Chalkan language (based on the materials of V. V. Radlov, N. A. Baskakov, and modern field research)

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
N. N. Fedina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper describes the phonetic correlations found in the records done by V. V. Radlov (1866–1907), N. A. Baskakov (1934–1952), and modern Chalkan records (2010–2019). We show certain phonetic shifts that have taken place since the middle of the 19th century: spirantization of labial consonants in the inlaut; the shifts in consonants: j-č-t’; elimination of the auslaut -ғ (-ɣ). Graphic correlations are also shown in anlaut: p- (mid-19th century), b- (mid-20th century), p- (early 21st century). The text analysis in the diachronic aspect allowed us to assume that the anlaut grapheme “b” in the texts of N. A. Baskakov is not a confirmation of the presence of the corresponding sound [b] in the language of the Chalkans of the beginning of the 20th century. The use of the analog sound [p] instead of [b] is evidenced by the materials of V. V. Radlov. N. A. Baskakov most likely used the grapheme “b” in his texts to reflect Chalkan speech at the beginning of the 20th century by analogy with other Turkic closely related languages in which this sound is present. Graphic correlations are also shown in inlaut: -џ- (mid-19th century), -dž- / -ž- (mid-20th century), -ž- / -š’- (early 21st century). Graphic variations stem from the fact that the Chalkan language remains unwritten to this day, and for the transmission of national speech, researchers and native speakers use graphics of written Altai and Russian languages, adapting it to the features of their speech.

scholarly journals I. V. Arnold’s Theory of Foregrounding and Its Application to Text Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Vera Meniailo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Textual Meaning ◽  
Principal Elements ◽  
Different Levels

The theory of foregrounding, developed by St. Petersburg scholar Irina Vladimirovna Arnold in the middle of the 20th century, was rather revolutionary for its time as it aimed to establish connection between formal levels of the language and textual meanings that allowed the reader to decode the author’s message. Arnold identifies four principal elements of foregrounding that disclose conceptual textual meaning: the strong position of a text, repetitions on different levels of language, the convergence of stylistic devices and defeated expectancy. The professor states that these elements of the text are always intentional and, thus, give a key to understanding the author’s message and position. This theory, being universal and easy to apply, has been widely used by Russian scholars working in the domain of textual linguistics and stylistics until nowadays. Such an approach increases the objectivity of the scientific findings in this area and enriches the overall text analysis with extra details and more meanings disclosed. The paper gives an overview of the theory of foregrounding, emphasizing the role it plays in text analysis and stylistics of decoding, and illustrates its principles with examples of practical analysis of the text conducted by the author of the paper.

scholarly journals РАННИЕ СЛАВЯНЕ В ПОВЕСТИ ВРЕМЕННЫХ ЛЕТ МИФЫ ЛЕТОПИСЦЕВ И ИСТОРИОГРАФИИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Марта Фонт
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Blind Alley ◽  
Medieval Chronicles ◽  
Critical Method ◽  
Primary Chronicle ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
New Hypothesis

The author of the Primary Chronicle (PC) had a dual purpose of proving the legitimacy of the dynasty of Scandinavian origin and recording the traditions of the ethnic Scandinavian and Slavic populations. The author of this paper endeavours to analyse the authenticity of information provided in the PC concerning the origin of early Slavs. Before a critical method of studying medieval narrative texts was developed in the late 19th and the early 20th century, the authenticity of medieval chronicles had not been questioned. Therefore, the 19th century historiography treated all the information from medieval texts as authentic. In Russian historiography it was A.A. Shakhmatov who while dealing with the PC, laid down the foundations of the critical method in dealing with chronicles. He was the founder of the famous school of historical philology which has placed text analysis at its centre. Despite this approach, a “new hypothesis” appeared in the last decades of the 20th century (see the linguistic theory of O.N. Trubachev) gained wide publicity both in Russia and abroad. Trubachev’s theory did not take into conssideration the results of either text analysis or the findings of archaeology and was a return to the position from the 19th century. The author of the paper shows that this theory was a blind alley.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

Analyzing Language in Suicide Notes and Legacy Tokens

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Egnoto ◽  
Darrin J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Student Writing ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Automated Identification ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Harm To Others

Abstract. Background: Identifying precursors that will aid in the discovery of individuals who may harm themselves or others has long been a focus of scholarly research. Aim: This work set out to determine if it is possible to use the legacy tokens of active shooters and notes left from individuals who completed suicide to uncover signals that foreshadow their behavior. Method: A total of 25 suicide notes and 21 legacy tokens were compared with a sample of over 20,000 student writings for a preliminary computer-assisted text analysis to determine what differences can be coded with existing computer software to better identify students who may commit self-harm or harm to others. Results: The results support that text analysis techniques with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) tool are effective for identifying suicidal or homicidal writings as distinct from each other and from a variety of student writings in an automated fashion. Conclusion: Findings indicate support for automated identification of writings that were associated with harm to self, harm to others, and various other student writing products. This work begins to uncover the viability or larger scale, low cost methods of automatic detection for individuals suffering from harmful ideation.

Development of Reading Remediation for Dyslexic Individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Bédard ◽  
Line Laplante ◽  
Julien Mercier
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Educational Neuroscience ◽  
Reading Remediation ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Neurophysiological Data ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract. Dyslexia is a phenomenon for which the brain correlates have been studied since the beginning of the 20th century. Simultaneously, the field of education has also been studying dyslexia and its remediation, mainly through behavioral data. The last two decades have seen a growing interest in integrating neuroscience and education. This article provides a quick overview of pertinent scientific literature involving neurophysiological data on functional brain differences in dyslexia and discusses their very limited influence on the development of reading remediation for dyslexic individuals. Nevertheless, it appears that if certain conditions are met – related to the key elements of educational neuroscience and to the nature of the research questions – conceivable benefits can be expected from the integration of neurophysiological data with educational research. When neurophysiological data can be employed to overcome the limits of using behavioral data alone, researchers can both unravel phenomenon otherwise impossible to document and raise new questions.

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