Plagiocephaly

Key Points If preventive interventions are not effective, helmet therapy is the preferred treatment but must be initiated before 12 months of age. Positional plagiocephaly should be differentiated from craniosynostosis with ultrasound being helpful. Torticollis is a common cause of plagiocephaly.

Key Points Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to bleeding that is excessive or occurs outside normal cyclic menstruationAnovulatory uterine bleeding is the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding adolescents within 1–2 years of menarche.It is important to exclude pregnancy and infections prior to initiating treatment for anovulatory bleedingGoals of management for abnormal uterine bleeding include return to pattern of normal menstrual cycle and prevention of anemia.


2006 ◽  
Vol 118 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Christopher Park ◽  
Claire Sanger ◽  
Anne Argenta ◽  
Jordan Simpson ◽  
Adrianna Henson ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Thompson ◽  
Lisa R. David ◽  
Benjamin Wood ◽  
Anne Argenta ◽  
Jordan Simpson ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1155-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilmann Schweitzer ◽  
Hartmut Böhm ◽  
Christian Linz ◽  
Beatrice Jager ◽  
Lucia Gerstl ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce P.K. Ho ◽  
Kylie-Ann Mallitt ◽  
Erica Jacobson ◽  
Rajesh Reddy

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Freudlsperger ◽  
Sahra Steinmacher ◽  
Daniel Saure ◽  
Jens P. Bodem ◽  
Reinald Kühle ◽  
...  

Key Points The most common cause of hematuria overall is UTI. The most common cause of asymptomatic isolated microscopic hematuria is benign transient hematuria. Before further evaluation, repeating the urinalysis at least once is prudent, and asymptomatic school-aged children may be followed for 2 or more years before further work-up. Macroscopic hematuria is a common sign of glomerular or urologic disease, warranting renal ultrasonography and further evaluation as indicated.


Author(s):  
Chakradhaj Mili ◽  
Basanta Laskar

Background: In general, there is a propensity among the physicians to label a patient with cirrhosis developing a raised creatinine level as HRS and treat it as such thereby ignoring the other causes particularly in this part of the country. This study was undertaken to find out the causes of acute renal failure and their outcome in cirrhotic patients.Methods: One forty three cirrhotic patients with acute renal failure were enrolled and investigated for causes of renal failure and their outcomes.Results: 92 (64.33%) patients had single factor whereas 51 (35.66%) patients had multiple factors (two or more), causing renal failure. Hypovolemia (34.27%) was the most common cause of renal failure followed by herbal medications (11.19%), HRS (11.19%) and infections (7.69%) as a single factor. Among multiple factors, 45 (31.46%) patients had hypovolemia followed by 36 (25.17%), 18 (12.58%) and 8 (5.59%) patients having infections, herbal medications and use of nephrotoxic drugs respectively. Reversibility was seen in 72 (50.35%) patients and more common in hypovolemia (85.71%) as a single factor. Total all-cause mortality was 33 (23%) and highest mortality was seen in HRS 75% (n=12) followed by infections (45.45%) and herbal medications (25%).Conclusions: Hypovolemia was the most common cause of renal failure followed by infections, herbal medications and hepatorenal syndrome. Early detection and proper volume replacement are the key points in the management. Detailed history regarding use of herbal medications is also very important issue.


2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. E3 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Gump ◽  
Ian S. Mutchnick ◽  
Thomas M. Moriarty

Molding helmet therapy is a widely accepted treatment for positional plagiocephaly that is generally considered to be low risk. Multiple large outcome studies have shown good results, but adverse events are rarely reported. The literature on helmet therapy was reviewed to clarify the clinical experience with associated complications. Although significant complications were extremely rare, there was a large degree of variability in detection of lesser problems such as minor skin irritation. Patients with a primarily brachycephalic morphology may be at higher risk for poorly fitting orthoses. Most reported complications are minor and self-limited. Maintenance of good helmet hygiene appears to be the most effective strategy for reducing or eliminating complications.


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