Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1148
Author(s):  
John C. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Total Body

Professor Burmeister, in dealing with problems of relative growth, uses equations of the form Y = a Xh, as proposed by Huxley. Values for the exponent b, in equations of this form, indicate the rate of accretion of the part (organ, chemical constituent, body compartment, metabolic function) in relation to the whole. Values for b of less than one indicate a relatively lesser rate of accretion of the part See Images in the PDF File e.g., our exponent for extracellular fluid, b = 0.80 (Table II of Burmeister's reference 5); values of greater than one indicate a relatively greater rate of accretion of the part–e.g., Burmeister's exponents for total body potassium, 1.09, and for cell mass, 1.11, and ours for resting oxygen consumption, 1.22, and for fat, 2.18 (Table II of Burmeister's reference 5).

Hydration of fat-free body in protein-depleted patients

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. E227-E233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Beddoe ◽  
S. J. Streat ◽  
G. L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Fluid Compartments ◽  
Total Body

It is widely believed that increased hydration of the fat-free body accompanies most major disease processes as a result of contraction of the body cell mass and expansion of the extracellular fluid. Measurements of total body water (TBW) and total body nitrogen in 68 normal volunteers and 95 surgical ward patients presenting for intravenous nutrition have been used to derive ratios of TBW to fat-free mass (TBW:FFM) and protein indices (PI), where PI is defined as the ratio of measured total body protein to predicted TBP. Mean values of PI were 1.009 +/- 0.116 (SD) and 0.783 +/- 0.152 in the normal and patient groups, respectively, corresponding to mean TBW:FFM ratios of 0.719 +/- 0.016 and 0.741 +/- 0.029. However, 48 patients had normal TBW:FFM despite having lost 15% of body protein. A theoretical model of body composition changes in catabolic illness is presented, which is in accord with the patient data, demonstrating that TBW:FFM does not necessarily increase in catabolic illness and that the ratio masks underlying shifts in body fluid compartments.

Spironolactone and Amiloride in the Treatment of Low Renin Hyperaldosteronism and Related Syndromes

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (s1) ◽  
pp. 213s-218s ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kremer ◽  
D. G. Beevers ◽  
J. J. Brown ◽  
D. L. Davies ◽  
J. B. Ferriss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Plasma Electrolyte ◽  
Potassium Plasma ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Electrolyte Abnormalities

1. Prolonged treatment with spironolactone in low-renin hyperaldosteronism invariably corrects plasma electrolyte abnormalities and usually lowers blood pressure. 2. Total exchangeable sodium, total body water, extracellular fluid and plasma volumes are reduced; total exchangeable and total body potassium, plasma renin and angiotensin II concentrations are increased. 3. Spironolactone is similarly effective in patients with apparently isolated deoxycorticosterone (DOC) excess; also in suspected mineralocorticoid excess not associated with elevation of aldosterone or DOC. 4. Studies of amiloride reveal similar effectiveness to spironolactone in low-renin hyperaldosteronism and in suspected mineralocorticoid excess.

scholarly journals Gambaran kadar kalium serum pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non dialisis di Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Sandala ◽  
Arthur E. Mongan ◽  
Maya F. Memah
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Total Body

Abstract: Potassium is the main intracellular ion in the body and plays a key role in maintaining cell function. Total body potassium distributed 98% in intracellular and 2% in extracellular fluid. A slight change in the distribution of these can cause hypokalemia or hyperkalemia. A healthy kidney has great capacity to maintain potassium homeostasis in the cace of excess potassium. The kidney is primarily responsible for maintaining total body potassium content by matching potassium intake with potassium excretion. This study aimed to obtain the profile of potassium serum in non dialysis CKD stage 5 patients in Manado. This was an obsevartional descriptive study. There were 35 blood samples obtained from patients in Nephrology-Hypertension Polyclinic and IRINA of Prof. Dr. R.D Kandou Hospital and Teling Adventist Hospital. There were 11 samples (31,4%) with hypokalemia consisted of 6 home-care patients (35.3%) and 5 hospital-care patients (27.8%), 15 samples (42.9%) were in normal range consisted of 8 home-care patients (47.1%) and 7 hospital-care patients (38.9%), and 9 samples (25.7%) with hyperkalemia consisted of 3 home-care patients (17.6%) and 6 hospital-care patients (33,3%) from total non-dialysis CKD stage 5 samples resulted from laboratory examination. Conclusion: In non dialysis CKD stage 5 patients in Manado, normokalemia was the most common found than hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Keywords: potassium, chronic kidney disease stage 5, non dialysis. Abstrak: Kalium adalah ion intraseluler utama dalam tubuh dan berperan penting dalam menjaga fungsi sel. Kalium tubuh total terdistribusi 98% intrasel dan 2% ekstrasel. Sedikit saja terjadi perubahan dalam distribusi ini dapat menyebabkan hipokalemia atau hiperkalemia. Ginjal yang sehat memiliki kapasitas yang besar untuk mempertahankan homeostasis kalium dalam menghadapi kalium yang berlebih. Ginjal bertanggung jawab dalam menjaga kadar kalium tubuh total dengan mencocokkan asupan kalium dan ekskresi kalium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar kalium serum pada pasien PGK non dialisis stadium 5 di Manado. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif obsevasional. Sampel darah diambil dari pasien di Poliklinik Nefrologi-Hipertensi dan IRINA Bagian Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Manado dan RS Advent Teling sebanyak 35 sampel. Hasil: penelitian mendapatkan 11 orang yang mengalami hipokalemia (31,4%) diantaranya 6 orang pasien rawat jalan (35,3%) dan 5 orang pasien rawat inap (27,8%); 15 orang dalam batas nilai normal (42,9%) diantaranya 8 orang pasien rawat jalan (47,1%) dan 7 orang pasien rawat inap (38,9%); serta 9 orang mengalami hiperkalemia (25,7%) diantaranya 3 orang pasien rawat jalan (17,6%) dan 6 orang pasien rawat inap (33,3%) dari jumlah total pasien terdiagnosis dokter PGK stadium 5 non dialisis yang didapatkan dari hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium. Simpulan: Pada pasien PGK non-dialisis stadium 5 di Manado, normokalemia yang paling sering ditemukan dibandingkan hiper dan hipokalemia.Kata kunci: kalium serum, penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5, non dialisis

scholarly journals Metabolically active portion of fat-free mass: a cellular body composition level modeling analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. E49-E53 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZiMian Wang ◽  
Stanley Heshka ◽  
Jack Wang ◽  
Dympna Gallagher ◽  
Paul Deurenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Body

The proportion of fat-free mass (FFM) as body cell mass (BCM) is highly related to whole body resting energy expenditure. However, the magnitude of BCM/FFM may have been underestimated in previous studies. This is because Moore's equation [BCM (kg) = 0.00833 × total body potassium (in mmol)], which was used to predict BCM, underestimates BCM by ∼11%. The aims of the present study were to develop a theoretical BCM/FFM model at the cellular level and to explore the influences of sex, age, and adiposity on the BCM/FFM. Subjects were 112 adults who had the following measurements: total body water by2H2O or3H2O dilution; extracellular water by NaBr dilution; total body nitrogen by in vivo neutron activation analysis; and bone mineral by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. FFM was calculated using a multicomponent model and BCM as the difference between FFM and the sum of extracellular fluid and solids. The developed theoretical model revealed that the proportion of BCM to FFM is mainly determined by water distribution (i.e., E/I, the ratio of extracellular to intracellular water). A significant correlation ( r = 0.90, P < 0.001) was present between measured and model-predicted BCM/FFM for all subjects pooled. Measured BCM/FFM [mean (SD)] was 0.584 ± 0.041 and 0.529 ± 0.041 for adult men and women ( P < 0.001), respectively. A multiple linear regression model showed that there are independent significant associations of sex, age, and fat mass with BCM/FFM.

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