Diaphragm Strength in Near-Miss Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-784
Author(s):  
Charles B. Scott ◽  
Bruce G. Nickerson ◽  
Charles W. Sargent ◽  
Paula C. Dennies ◽  
Arnold C. G. Platzker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽  
Airway Occlusion ◽  
The Mean

Diaphragm muscle strength was measured as maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure during airway occlusion in ten near-miss sudden infant death syndrome infants aged 4.1 ± 0.6 (SE) months post-term, range 2 to 7 months, and ten control infants aged 4.5 ± 0.8 months post-term, range 0.8 to 8 months. In the near-miss sudden infant death syndrome group, the mean maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure was 106 ± 6 cm H2O, range 78 to 132 cm H2O, compared with a mean maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure of 86 ± 4 cm H2O, range 69 to 106 cm H2O, in the control group. Diaphragm strength is normal or increased in near-miss sudden infant death syndrome infants.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in a Twin: A Comparison of Sibling Histories

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
A. Kahn ◽  
D. Blum ◽  
M. F. Muller ◽  
L. Montauk ◽  
A. Bochner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Clinical Risk Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Control Infant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Of Life

To determine possible characteristics of infant victims of sudden death, we examined 114 items related to the pre- and postnatal histories of 42 pairs of twins one of whom died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) leaving a surviving sibling. Interviews with the parents were conducted after the occurrence of SIDS, and the data were checked with records held by gynecologists and pediatricians. To evaluate the specificity of any factors, we studied a control group of 42 age- and sex-matched pairs of twins, both of whom survived the first year of life. Only 11 of 114 characteristics were significantly related to SIDS: future victims had a smaller weight and height at birth, stayed longer in the nursery, and followed a moving object with their eyes, had head control, and smiled at a later age than their surviving siblings. They also fatigued more often during feeding (11/42) and had reduced arm and neck tonus (9/42). They were described as longer sleepers than their surviving siblings. During sleep, some SIDS twins, but no surviving twin, were found to be cyanotic at least once or pale (4/42) and were repeatedly covered with abundant sweat (8/42). In the control group of normal twins, the occurrence of most of these characteristics was found with a frequency comparable to that seen in the SIDS infants; the specificity of these characteristics is thus considered doubtful. The mean birth weight and height were significantly greater in the control group, and no control infant had an episode of cyanosis or pallor or repeated episodes of profuse sweating observed during their sleep. It is concluded that, if further research validates the occurrence of night hyperhydrosis in some future SIDS victims, this symptom could be a clinical risk factor.

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1139
Author(s):  
Laura S. Hillman ◽  
Marilyn Erickson ◽  
John G. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean

Among the many theories put forth to explain sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a theory of vitamin D deficiency. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) serum concentrations were measured in 31 SIDS and 24 postmortem control infants. 25-OHD was 19.0 ± 7.9 mg/ml in SIDS, 16.9 ± 5.2 ng/ml in acute death control infants, and 11.9 ± 4.4 ng/ml in in-hospital deaths. For four "near miss" infants the mean serum 25-OHD concentration was 21.1 ± 4.1 ng/ml. The mean serum 25-OHD concentration of 39 living premature or small-for-gestational-age infants at 3 months of age was 26 ± 9.9. Serum calcium and serum copper concentrations were also the same in SIDS and control infants. Parathyroid hormone was measured in ten and was detectable in five SIDS infants. These data eliminate a simple vitamin D deficiency or a 25-OHD deficiency as a significant contribution to the pathophysiology of SIDS.

Oculocardiac Reflex in Near Miss for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Kahn ◽  
Jalil Riazi ◽  
Denise Blum
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

To gain insight into the role of the vagus nerve in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 180 infants ranging in age from 1 to 66 weeks were examined with respect to cardiac response to ocular compression. There were 35 near-miss infants, 76 normal siblings of SIDS victims, and 69 normal control infants. Asystoles within the control group ranged from 0.3 to 1.8 seconds. Ten of 35 (28%) near-miss infants and 10/76 (13%) siblings had asystoles >2.0 seconds when first tested. When statistically compared, the near-miss infants were significantly different from both the control infants and the siblings (Kruskal-Wallis procedure: P < .01, and P < .05, respectively). It is concluded that in the first year of life a significant number of near-miss infants have an exaggerated cardiac response to ocular compression. Furthermore, the presence of prolonged asystoles in certain siblings indicates that vagal hypersensitivity, as manifested by ocular compression, may be, in part, hereditary.

Apnea, Hypoxemia, and Aborted Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-691
Author(s):  
June P. Brady ◽  
Ronald L. Ariagno ◽  
John L. Watts ◽  
Steven L. Goldman ◽  
Fe M. Dumpit
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Nasal Catheter ◽  
End Tidal

To find out whether there is any relationship between the ventilatory response to hypoxia and the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), we studied the effects of mild induced hypoxia (PIO2, 120 mm Hg = 17% oxygen) in 16 infants aged 2 weeks to 6 months. Eight had recurrent apneic spells (apnea group) (five had aborted SIDS and three had recurrent apnea in the intensive care nursery) and eight were "well" preterm infants about to fly in a pressurized airplane (PIO2, 120 mm Hg) (control group). Mean birth weights were 2,245 and 1,400 gm and mean gestational ages were 35 and 30 weeks. Postconceptual ages (41.8 and 41.3 weeks) were almost identical. Heart rate was obtained from an ECG, and respiratory rate and pattern were obtained from a pneumogram. In addition, end-tidal PCO2 and PN2 or PO2 were obtained with a nasal catheter and gas analyzers. In the apnea group with inhalation of 17% oxygen, we observed an increase in periodic breathing and an increase in both rate and total duration of respiratory pauses. In the control group there were no significant changes. Heart rate and PCO2 did not change in either group. Our findings suggest that infants prone to apnea may have unique respiratory responses to mild induced hypoxia.

The Uvula and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-320
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN GUILLEMINAULT
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

In Reply.— Harpey and Renault postulate a relationship between the uvula, obstructive sleep apnea, and sudden infant death syndrome. Although I believe that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome may be one of the mechanisms leading to sudden infant death syndrome, this speculation is extremely controversial. I do concur with Harpey and Renault that obstructive sleep apnea can trigger esophageal reflux. A segment from a sleep recording of a 9-week-old, full-term infant with near-miss sudden infant death syndrome is presented in the Figure.

Arousal responses in near-miss sudden infant death syndrome and in normal infants

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine McCulloch ◽  
Robert T. Brouillette ◽  
Anthony J. Guzzetta ◽  
Carl E. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Sudden Infant

Postnatal Growth Preceding Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-461
Author(s):  
John G. Brooks ◽  
Ruth E. Gilbert ◽  
Peter J. Flemming ◽  
Peter J. Berry ◽  
Jean Golding
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
The Mean

Objective. To compare postnatal growth preceding the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with that of age matched controls. Design. Retrospective case-control study. Each SIDS victim was matched with two controls on date of parental interview, postnatal age, and neighborhood. Clinical and demographic data were collected by parental interview and by review of medical records, and interval body weights were obtained from health visitors' records. Study population. All infants dying of SIDS between 1 May, 1987 and 30 April, 1989 in a geographically defined region consisting of four health districts in Avon and North Somerset in southwest England. Seventy-eight of the 99 SIDS victims and 139 of 156 control infants were included in the final analysis. Results. There was no significant difference between SIDS victims and the controls in either of the two indices of postnatal growth which were analyzed. The mean growth rates (± 1 SEM) between birth and the last live weight (age equivalent weight for control infants) were 27.1 ± 1.0 g/day for the SIDS cases and 28.3 ± 1.5 g/day for the control infants. The mean growth rate (± 1 SEM) between the last two live weights were 31.5 ± 2.9 and 24.9 ± 2.1 g/day for the SIDS and control infants, respectively. Stratification of the infants by sex, gestational age, maternal smoking during pregnancy, breast versus bottle feeding, or age at death, did not result in any significant differences between SIDS and controls in either of the indices of postnatal growth rate. The 20 SIDS cases which were excluded from the final analysis did not differ from 78 whose data was analyzed, with regard to established SIDS risk factors, age at death, or postmortem weight. Conclusions. No difference was found between the postnatal growth of SIDS victims and that of age matched control infants.

Mixed and Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Near Miss for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: 2. Comparison of Near Miss and Normal Control Infants by Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 882-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Guilleminault ◽  
Ronald Ariagno ◽  
Rowena Korobkin ◽  
Lynn Nagel ◽  
Roger Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Obstructive Apnea ◽  
Respiratory Events ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Twenty-nine full-term near miss for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and 30 normal control infants underwent 24-hour polygraphic monitoring. Several types of respiratory events during sleep (eg, central, mixed, and obstructive apnea, periodic breathing) were defined and tabulated. Analysis of these respiratory variables and comparison of groups of near miss and control infants indicated that between 3 weeks and 4½ months of age only one variable was consistently different at a statistically significant level: the number of mixed and obstructive apnea 3 seconds during total sleep time. This study also showed an increase in mixed and obstructive respiratory events during sleep at 6 weeks of age in control as well as in near miss infants.

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