Моделювання природної еволюції видів роду Solanum L. cекції Petota Dumort. за фітофторостійкістю

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-334
Author(s):  
A. Ad. Podhaietskyi ◽  
N. V. Kravchenko ◽  
L. V. Kriuchko ◽  
S. M. Gorbas ◽  
A. An. Podhaietskyi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Phytophthora Resistance ◽  
The Uk

<p>The article presents the theoretical substantiation and experimental data, confirming the natural evolution of potato species from the standpoint of the stability and effectiveness of genetic control of resistance to late blight. Resistant samples of wild potato species which were differ in the appearance of the trait were used as the initial material for research. Artificial infection of seedlings obtained from self-pollination of potato samples with the race of phytophthora (<em>Phytophtora infestans </em>(Mont.) De Bary) 1-11X, Y, Z (25-30 conidia in the view of the microscope, 120 x), which made it possible to identify various types of resistance to fungus. The evolutionary changes of the species, relating their response to the changing of phytopathological situation in their areas have been experimentally proven. The intraspecific variety of <em>S. demissum </em>Lindl and <em>S. stoloniferum </em>Schlechtd. samples by resistance to phytophthora, which manifested both among I1 and among I2, has been identified. Depending on the evolution of the samples, differences in the genetic control of resistance to the pathogen were found, which was manifested in the frequency of appearance of offspring with high resistance, hypersensitivity, high, medium and low field resistance, as well as complete damage of seedlings. In the species of <em>S. demissum</em> the sample was found, in its progeny the seedlings with extremely high resistance to the pathogen were not isolated, but in the case of the UK sample No 27-19 the part of such material was 94.2%. The lower level of genetic control in this species was characterized by the type of supersensitive resistance. Variation in the offspring samples by this type of resistance was observed in the range of 0-78.4%, and the splitting of seedlings with high field stability was even smaller and was within 0-45%. Similar data were obtained for the species of <em>S. stoloniferum</em>. A similar type of conjugate evolution of phytophthora resistance in the testing species has been experimentally proved. There were no differences in the manifestation of hypersensitive resistance or they were very insignificant. The maximum differences between species were 4% in the class with the offspring frequency of 81-100%. Based on the results of the phytophthora resistance evaluation of various samples of potato species in I2, it was assumed that under epiphytotic conditions in the area of species growth, samples with effective genetic control of the trait, i.e., with an extremely high degree of resistance, will be evolutionally promising. </p>

scholarly journals LATE BLIGHT RESISTANCE OF WILD POTATO SPECIES UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN THE NORTHWEST OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Zoteyeva
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foliar Resistance ◽  
High Level

Background. Despite the great efforts made by breeders, late blight remains a paramount cause of significant potato harvest losses. Introgression of various resistance genes from wild Solanum L. species is the main method to increase the resistance in potato cultivars. Field resistance is considered to be more durable than those induced by the action of single R genes. To this end, resistance sources should be selected from а wide range of species under severe natural infection.Material and methods. As the material for evaluation, 1141 accessions of 99 wild potato species belonging to 15 taxonomic series according to the system of J. Hawkes were used. Each accession was assessed for 3–5 years. A 1–9 point scale was employed to score the damage of plants every week starting from the first symptoms of the disease, where 9 meant the absence of any symptoms, and 1 the entirely damaged plant. The plants scoring 6 to 9 points were considered resistant.Results and conclusions. As a result of the long-term field observations, wild potato species, represented in the current evaluation by numerous accessions, were characterized for foliar resistance to late blight; individual introductions resistant to late blight were also identified. Some of those studied in the 1980s showed high resistance in the end of the 1990s through the 2000s. The highest percentage of resistant accessions/species was identified among the species with areas of distribution in Mexico. A group of Central American species and large part of species with areas of distribution in South America expressed high level of interspecific polymorphism in foliar resistance to late blight.

scholarly journals The Biology and Phylogenetics ofPotato virus SIsolates from the Andean Region of South America

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin W. Santillan ◽  
Cesar E. Fribourg ◽  
Ian P. Adams ◽  
Adrian J. Gibbs ◽  
Neil Boonham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Solanum Spp

Biological characteristics of 11 Potato virus S (PVS) isolates from three cultivated potato species (Solanum spp.) growing in five Andean countries and 1 from Scotland differed in virulence depending on isolate and host species. Nine isolates infected Chenopodium quinoa systemically but two others and the Scottish isolate remained restricted to inoculated leaves; therefore, they belonged to biologically defined strains PVSAand PVSO, respectively. When nine wild potato species were inoculated, most developed symptomless systemic infection but Solanum megistacrolobum developed systemic hypersensitive resistance (SHR) with one PVSOand two PVSAisolates. Andean potato cultivars developed mostly asymptomatic primary infection but predominantly symptomatic secondary infection. In both wild and cultivated potato plants, PVSAand PVSOelicited similar foliage symptoms. Following graft inoculation, all except two PVSOisolates were detected in partially PVS-resistant cultivar Saco, while clone Snec 66/139-19 developed SHR with two isolates each of PVSAand PVSO. Myzus persicae transmitted all nine PVSAisolates but none of the three PVSOisolates. All 12 isolates were transmitted by plant-to-plant contact. In infective sap, all isolates had thermal inactivation points of 55 to 60°C. Longevities in vitro were 25 to 40 days with six PVSAisolates but less than 21 days for the three PVSOisolates. Dilution end points were 10−3for two PVSOisolates but 10−4to 10−6with the other isolates. Complete new genome sequences were obtained from seven Andean PVS isolates; seven isolates from Africa, Australia, or Europe; and single isolates from S. muricatum and Arracacia xanthorhiza. These 17 new genomes and 23 from GenBank provided 40 unique sequences; however, 5 from Eurasia were recombinants. Phylogenetic analysis of the 35 nonrecombinants revealed three major lineages, two predominantly South American (SA) and evenly branched and one non-SA with a single long basal branch and many distal subdivisions. Using least squares dating and nucleotide sequences, the two nodes of the basal PVS trifurcation were dated at 1079 and 1055 Common Era (CE), the three midphylogeny nodes of the SA lineages at 1352, 1487, and 1537 CE, and the basal node to the non-SA lineage at 1837 CE. The Potato rough dwarf virus/Potato virus P (PVS/PRDV/PVP) cluster was sister to PVS and diverged 5,000 to 7,000 years ago. The non-SA PVS lineage contained 18 of 19 isolates from S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum but the two SA lineages contained 6 from S. tuberosum subsp. andigena, 4 from S. phureja, 3 from S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum, and 1 each from S. muricatum, S. curtilobum, and A. xanthorrhiza. This suggests that a potato-infecting proto-PVS/PRDV/PVP emerged in South America at least 5,000 years ago, became endemic, and diverged into a range of local Solanum spp. and other species, and one early lineage spread worldwide in potato. Preventing establishment of the SA lineages is advised for all countries still without them.

Understanding Genetic Control of Freezing Resistance Using Potato Species as a Model System

1997 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Jiwan P. Palta ◽  
John B. Bamberg ◽  
Yu-Kuang Chen ◽  
Sandra E. Vega ◽  
Laurie S. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Model System ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Potato Species

Genetic diversity among potato species as revealed by phenotypic resistances and SSR markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carputo ◽  
D. Alioto ◽  
R. Aversano ◽  
R. Garramone ◽  
V. Miraglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Efficient Breeding ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The evolutionary diversity of wild potato species makes them excellent materials for improving the narrow genetic basis of the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum. Understanding their genetic diversity is important not only to choose the best parents for breeding, but also to design proper crossing schemes and selection strategies. The objectives of this study were to determine the resistance response to Ralstonia solanacearum, Potato virus Y and low temperatures of 21 clones of 12 potato species, and to determine their genetic diversity through simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Sources of resistance have been found for all the investigated traits, with high resistance variability not only between but also within species. Combined resistances were also identified, with positive implications for efficient breeding. SSR analysis allowed the detection of 12 loci and 46 alleles across all genotypes, with an average value of 3.8 alleles per locus. Both unique and rare alleles useful for marker-assisted selection were found. SSR-based cluster analysis revealed that resistant genotypes were distributed among all clusters, suggesting that genetically different resistant genotypes were identified. The information obtained in this study is discussed from a breeding perspective.

scholarly journals A Test of Taxonomic and Biogeographic Predictivity: Resistance to Potato virus Y in Wild Relatives of the Cultivated Potato

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 1074-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. K. Cai ◽  
D. M. Spooner ◽  
S. H. Jansky
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Taxonomic Research ◽  
Level Of Selection ◽  
High Elevations

A major justification for taxonomic research is its assumed ability to predict the presence of traits in a group for which the trait has been observed in a representative subset of the group. Similarly, populations in similar environments are expected to be more alike than populations in divergent environments. Consequently, it is logical to assume that taxonomic relationships and biogeographical data have the power to predict the distribution of disease resistance phenotypes among plant species. The objective of this study was to test predictivity in a group of widely distributed wild potato species, based on hypotheses that closely related organisms (taxonomy) or organisms from similar environments (biogeography) share resistance to a simply inherited trait (Potato virus Y [PVY]). We found that wild potato species with an endosperm balance number (EBN) of 1 (a measure of cross compatibility) shared resistances to PVY more than species with different EBN values. However, a large amount of variation was found for resistance to PVY among and within species. We also found that populations from low elevations were more resistant than those from high elevations. Because PVY is vectored by aphids, we speculate that the distribution of aphids may determine the level of selection pressure for PVY resistance.

THE EVOLUTION OF SHAREHOLDER AND CREDITOR PROTECTION IN AUSTRALIA: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Anderson ◽  
Michelle Welsh ◽  
Ian Ramsay ◽  
Peter Gahan
Keyword(s):  
Creditor Protection ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
International Debate ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Shareholder Protection ◽  
Business Regulation ◽  
Legal Origins ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThis article is part of a larger international investigation of the effects of a country's legal origins on the style of business regulation. We employ an innovative ‘leximetric’ methodology to numerically code the protective strength of Australian corporate law for both shareholder and creditor protection for the period 1970 to 2010. This leximetric methodology has been used in a prominent international debate concerning the development of legal rules and the effects of different styles of regulation on a range of economic outcomes—the legal origins debate. Drawing on similar data compiled by Armour, Deakin, Lele and Siems in five other countries (France, Germany, India, the UK and the US) for the period 1970 to 2005, we compare changes in the level of protection afforded to Australian shareholders and creditors with developments in other countries. Our analysis finds that in Australia there was a sustained upward trend in shareholder protection, but not in the case of creditor protection. Compared to the five other countries, the level of protection afforded to shareholders under Australian law was relatively high, and this was the case for the level of protection afforded to creditors as well. We also examine the extent of convergence and divergence in shareholder and creditor protection among the countries in the study. We find persistent divergence in shareholder protection, with the extent of divergence in 2005 similar to that in 1970. For creditor protection, we find increasing divergence among the countries over the period of study. Our findings are not supportive of legal origins theory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document