Introducing the Chinese Name-taboo Method Gaijian An expansion of recent work by Dou Huaiyong

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383
Author(s):  
Sun Jianqiang
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
First Time ◽  
Early Tang

ABSTRACTThe present paper represents the first attempt to expand Dou Huaiyong’s recent contributions to the field of the Chinese name-taboo practice or bihui 避諱. Exclusively dealing with gaixing 改形 (modify the shape), a taboo method recognized only by Dou Huaiyong, the paper delves into his use of the term gaixing and a group of orthographies that might overthrow the recognition. Although it abandons the term gaixing and promotes a new phrase gaijian 改件 (modify the components), the paper finds Dou Houiyong’s core conclusion agreeable, taking gaijian as a taboo method that appeared in the year 658 by analyzing 500 stones carved between 618 and 663. While doing so, this paper introduces for the first time gaijian to the English scholarship, proposing to re-examine how the Chinese name-taboo practice developed in the early Tang dynasty.

scholarly journals What about Rats? Buddhist Disciplinary Guidelines on Rats: Daoxuan’s Vinaya Commentaries

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Ann Heirman
Keyword(s):  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Early Tang

Buddhist texts generally prohibit the killing or harming of any sentient being. However, while such a ban may seem straightforward, it becomes much more complex when annoying or dangerous animals are involved. This paper focuses on one such animal—the rat. These rodents feature prominently in monastics’ daily lives, so it should come as no surprise that both Indian and Chinese Buddhist masters pay attention to them. In the first part of the paper, we investigate the problems that rats can cause, how monastics deal with them, and what the authors-compilers of Buddhist vinaya (disciplinary) texts have to say about them. In the second part, we focus on how Daoxuan 道宣 (596–667)—one of the most prominent vinaya masters of the early Tang Dynasty—interprets the vinaya guidelines and their implementation in Chinese monasteries. As we will see, he raises a number of potential issues with regard to strict adherence to the Buddhist principles of no killing and no harming, and so reveals some of the problematic realities that he felt monastics faced in seventh century China.

scholarly journals Notes on Nycteribiidae, with Descriptions of Two New Genera

Parasitology ◽  
1917 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Scott
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

This paper is written primarily with the intention of publishing descriptions of two new genera of Nycteribiidae, together with some notes relating to certain already known forms of that family. But it also includes an account of some recent work (not my own), which for the first time gives us a detailed insight into the habits of these bizarre creatures. This latter side of the subject will be considered first.

Symmetric amenability and the nonexistence of Lie and Jordan derivations

1996 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Banach Algebra ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Banach Algebras ◽  
Jordan Derivation ◽  
Symmetric Tensors ◽  
C Algebras ◽  
Semisimple Algebras ◽  
First Time ◽  
Semisimple Banach Algebra

A. M. Sinclair has proved that if is a semisimple Banach algebra then every continuous Jordan derivation from into is a derivation ([12, theorem 3·3]; ‘Jordan derivation’ is denned in Section 6 below). If is a Banach -bimodule one can consider Jordan derivations from into and ask whether Sinclair's theorem is still true. More recent work in this area appears in [1]. Simple examples show that it cannot hold for all modules and all semisimple algebras. However, for more restricted classes of algebras, including C*-algebras one does get a positive result and we develop two approaches. The first depends on symmetric amenability, a development of the theory of amenable Banach algebras which we present here for the first time in Sections 2, 3 and 4. A Banach algebra is symmetrically amenable if it has an approximate diagonal consisting of symmetric tensors. Most, but not all, amenable Banach algebras are symmetrically amenable and one can prove results for symmetric amenability similar to those in [8] for amenability. However, unlike amenability, symmetric amenability does not seem to have a concise homological characterisation. One of our results [Theorem 6·2] is that if is symmetrically amenable then every continuous Jordan derivation into an -bimodule is a derivation. Special techniques enable this result to be extended to other algebras, for example all C*-algebras. This approach to Jordan derivations appears in Section 6.

Equalization and decorrelation in primary visual cortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen V. Haak ◽  
Elizabeth Fast ◽  
Yihwa Baek ◽  
Juraj Mesik
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Neural Adaptation ◽  
First Time

There are many theories on the purpose of neural adaptation, but evidence remains elusive. Here, we discuss the recent work by Benucci et al. ( Nat Neurosci 16: 724–729, 2013), who measured for the first time the immediate effects of adaptation on the overall activity of a neuronal population. These measurements confirm two long-standing hypotheses about the purpose of adaptation, namely that adaptation counteracts biases in the statistics of the environment, and that it maintains decorrelation in neuronal stimulus selectivity.

Further observations on the Lower Devonian plant, Gosslingia breconensis Heard

1970 ◽  
Vol 258 (821) ◽  
pp. 225-243 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
First Time

The first description of this plant was published by Heard (1927). The present writer has collected more material from the type locality and has used a comparatively new technique on the petrified axes present. This involved sawing the axes into thin sections, grinding these smooth with carborundum powder and then polishing them in chromic oxide powder.These permanent preparations have yielded more precise data on the anatomy of the axes. The spores are described for the first time. A reconstruction of the aerial parts of the plant is given. The results have been incorporated into an emended diagnosis of the genus and a lectotype has been designated. The taxonomic position of Gosslingia is discussed in relation to a new classification of the psilophytes proposed by Banks. One of the most interesting features in Gosslingia is the axillary tubercle, a small protuberance occurring below each dichotomy. A survey of other Devonian plants bearing this structure is given and its morphological nature is discussed in the light of evidence produced here and in other recent work.

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