Cleaning of the Moscow Sia “Radon” Surface Water Runoff: Problems and Solutions

1995 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Barinov ◽  
A. S. Volkov ◽  
Y. V. Karlin ◽  
V. N. Kropotov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
Surface Water Runoff

AbstractThis paper describes a three-barrier system of engineered safety features for the cleaning of the Moscow SIA “Radon” surface water runoff.

An Innovative Non-Petroleum Rhizobium Tropici Biopolymer Salt for Soil Stabilization

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Larson ◽  
John Ballard ◽  
Christopher Griggs ◽  
J. Kent Newman ◽  
Catherine Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Surface Water Runoff

Construction site soils are a significant source of sediment, and pollutants carried by sediment, to surface water runoff. Currently, silt fences/barriers, petroleum-derived polymers, and re-vegetation are the primary tools to prevent sediment loss from construction areas. Even with these methods in place, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 20 to 150 tons of soil per acre is lost to storm water runoff from construction sites each year. A low-cost, environmentally friendly soil amendment that reduces erosion from construction sites would improve surface water quality. An extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is produced naturally by the symbiotic soil bacterium Rhizobium tropici. A dry, easily transportable salt of this biopolymer, when mixed with soil at low levels (0.01 to 0.5% by mass) substantially increases the soil strength for load bearing, decreases surface erosion and suspended solids in surface water runoff. Re-vegetation is also assisted by biopolymer application, since drought resistance and seed germination rates can be increased by 30% to 40% using the biopolymer. Results of mesoscale rainfall lysimeter system demonstrations of soil amendment with biopolymer documents reduced soil erosion, reduced transport of suspended solids in surface water runoff, and increased establishment success of vegetative cover under simulated drought conditions in biopolymer amended soils.

scholarly journals Building an optimal model of surface water runoff in agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 694-701
Author(s):  
F.G. Agayev ◽  
H.H. Asadov ◽  
B.L. Jafarova ◽  
I.G. Abdurrahmanova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Surface Water Runoff

Transformation of ecosystems glacial lakes in Ukrainian Carpathians

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Mykitchak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Water Area ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Surface Water Runoff

The sizes of glacial lakes of the Ukrainian Carpathians without surface water runoff (Brebeneskul, Nesamovyte – the last 130 years, Verhne Ozirne, Nyzhne Ozirne – the last 50 years) and surface water runoff lakes Dogyaska (the last 30 years) has not substantial changes. The lakes Maricheyka and Vorozheska considerably decreased in area (20–40 % of previous squares), obviously, due to the erosion of rocky moraines-damages. Comparison of photos lakes Nesamovyte (1935–2008) has not showed changes of the outlines of the water area, the sedge-sphagnum alloy and the coastal thickets of the debris. The small glacial lakes Breskul has reduced its bed, because the sedge-sphagnum alloy overgrown with ray herbs, but the open water area is stable during the last 67 years. There are some increase alkalinity water of Brebeneskul and Verhne Ozirne and acidification of the Nesamovyte during the last 60 years. Unidirectional changes in the acid-alkaline balance of glacial lakes waters are not noted. The shrub covered decreases its area in basins of the all glacial lakes of Ukrainian Carpathians every year as a result of the cuttings of tourists for the campfires. For example, the number of the hearths in the Nesamovyte basin has decreased from 7 in the 2001 to the 80 in the 2017 years. The most intense in this process is in the basins of Nesamovyte and Brebeneskul. The number of tourists stopping for a night in the basins of high mountain lakes increased by 7–10 times according to the calculation of foci traces during 2001–2017 years. The clogging of shores and water areas of the glacial lakes and the formation of random garbage increases in the last two decades. The number of the oligosaprobic crustaceans species decrease and mesosaprobic are growing, appear polisabrobic species. The saprobic status of water lakes with the greatest recreational influence (Nesamovyte, Brebeneskul, Dogyaska) has a tendency to increase during the last 17 years. The loss of stenobiontic crustaceans species from glacial lakes (Streblocerus serricaudatus (Fischer, 1849), Mixodiaptomus tatricus (Wierzejski, 1883) and some others), the penetration of non-typical hydro- and amphibiontic species into highlands waters (Pohlia nutans (Hedwig) Lindberg, 1879, Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758), Simocephalus vetulus (O. F. Müller, 1776) and others), and the increase in the rate of mass, mezosaprobic and eurybionts species in the total number of water groups are noted. Verhne Ozirne was the last untouched glacial lake of the Ukrainian Carpathians, but after the introduction of its basin to the Ramsar Convention there was laid a path there and today we will observe intensification of tourist and pasture influence on its ecosystem. The most anthropogenic negative influence has recreation (clogging, cutting, trampling, automotourism and other factors). Mountain tourism is one of the most dangerous types of anthropopression in high-altitude areas, as it is in the lakes located on permanent tourist routes and water catchments which is the place for overnight tourists, the degradation of populations and groups of mountainous species of hydrobionts has been noted. Moderate pastoral influence (up to thirty heads of cattle per hectare per day) does not make significant changes from the hydrobionts communities of the glacial lakes. The most effective mechanism for preventing the negative processes of anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems of the glacial lakes of the Ukrainian Carpathians is to determine the buffer number of tourists visiting basins of unique aquatic glacial ecosystems of Ukraine and the strict control over compliance by visitors with the rules of conduct regulated by environmental organizations.

scholarly journals Groundwater surface water interactions through streambeds and the role of phreatophytes in identifying important recharge zones

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 7613-7638
Author(s):  
T. S. Ahring ◽  
D. R. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Arkansas River ◽  
Riparian Corridors ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Surface Water Runoff

Abstract. Groundwater and surface water interactions within riparian corridors impact the distribution of phreatophytes that tap into groundwater stores. The changes in canopy area of phreatophytes over time is related to changes in depth to groundwater, distance from a stream or river, and hydrologic soil group. Remote sensing was used to determine the location of trees with predevelopment and post-development aerial photography over the Ogallala Aquifer in the central plains of the United States. It was found that once the depth to groundwater becomes greater than about 3 m, tree populations decrease as depth to water increases. This subsequently limited the extent of phreatophytes to within 700 m of the river. It was also found that phreatophytes have a higher likelihood of growing on hydrologic soil groups with higher saturated hydraulic conductivity. Phreatophytes exist along portions of the Arkansas River corridor where significant decreases in groundwater occurred as long as alluvium exists to create perched conditions where trees survive dry periods. Significant decreases (more that 50%) in canopy cover exists along river segments where groundwater declined by more than 10 m, indicating areas with good hydraulic connectivity between surface water and groundwater. Thus, interpretation of changes in phreatophyte distribution using historical and recent aerial photophaphy is important in delineating zones of enhanced recharge where aquifers might be effectively recharged through diversion of surface water runoff.

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