scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF MARINE EMERGENCY RESPONSE OF ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION OPERATOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-223
Author(s):  
P. S. Nosov ◽  
V. V. Cherniavskyi ◽  
S. M. Zinchenko ◽  
I. S. Popovych ◽  
Ya. А. Nahrybelnyi ◽  
...  

Context. The article introduces an approach for analyzing the reactions of a marine electronic navigation operator as well as automated identification of the likelihood of the negative impact of the human factors in ergatic control systems for sea transport. To meet the target algorithms for providing information referring to the results of human-machine interaction of an operator in marine emergency response situations while managing increasing complexity of navigation operations’ carrying out are put forward. Objective. The approach delivers conversion of the operator’s actions feature space into a logical-geometric one of p-adic systems making the level of the operator’s intellectual activity by using automated means highly likely to be identified. It is sure to contribute to its dynamic prediction for the sake of further marine emergency situations lessening. Method. Within the framework of the mentioned above approach attaining objective as automated identification of the segmented results of human-machine interactions a method for transforming deterministic fragments of an operator’s intellectual activity in terms of p-adic structures is proposed to be used. To cope with such principles as specification, generalization as well as transitions to different perception spaces of the navigation situation by the operator are said to be formally specified. Having been carried out of simulation modeling has turned out to confirm the feasibility of the proposed above approach causing, on the grounds of temporary identifiers, the individual structure of the operator’s reactions to be determined. As a result, the data obtained has delivered the possibility of having typical situations forecasted by using automated multicriteria methods and tools. This issue for its part is said to be spotted as identification of individual indicators of the operator’s reaction dynamics in complex man-machine interaction. Results. In order to have the proposed formal-algorithmic approach approved an experiment was performed using the navigation simulator Navi Trainer 5000 (NTPRO 5000). Automated analysis of experimental server and video data have furnished the means of deterministic operator actions identification in the form of metadata of the trajectory of his reactions within the space of p-adic structures. Thus, the results of modeling involving automated neural networks are sure to facilitate the time series of the intellectual activity of the electronic marine navigation operator to be identified and, therefore, to predict further reactions with a high degree of reliability. Conclusions. The proposed formal research approaches combined with the developed automated means as well as algorithmic and methodological suggestions brought closer to the objectives for solving the problem of automated identification of the negative impact of the human factors of the electronic navigation operator on a whole new level. The efficiency of the proposed approach is noticed to have been approved by the results of automated processing of experimental data and built forecasts.

Author(s):  
Antonio Chialastri

In this chapter, the author presents a human factors problem for automation: why, when, and how automation has been introduced in the aviation domain; what problems arise from different ways of operating; and the possible countermeasures to limit faulty interaction between humans and machines. This chapter is divided into parts: definition of automation, its advantages in ensuring safety in complex systems such as aviation; reasons for the introduction of on-board automation, with a quick glance at the history of accidents in aviation and the related safety paradigms; ergonomics: displays, tools, human-machine interaction emphasizing the cognitive demands in high tempo and complex flight situations; illustration of the AF 447 case, a crash happened in 2009, which causes are linked to faulty human-machine interaction.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlene Oetomo ◽  
Sahan Salim ◽  
Tatiana Bevilacqua ◽  
Kirti Sundar Sahu ◽  
Pedro Elkind Velmovitsky ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Advances in technology will impact the field of human factors as new solutions change how we plan, share knowledge, perceive and act on real world problems. Human machine interaction will become more seamless until we are unable to differentiate between the human and the machine introducing issues of trust and privacy. Technological advancement has created big data and now we are able to tackle large problems with data for better evidence-based solutions and policy measures. OBJECTIVE This paper discusses the use of human factors methods when developing solutions that use artificial intelligence, including machine learning and deep learning, to tackle challenges for social good, especially related to health. METHODS We review relevant literature and present areas and example use cases. RESULTS The potential uses for artificial intelligence applied with human factors are discussed in four areas which impact human health and wellbeing: precision medicine, independent living, public health and the environment. CONCLUSIONS We hope to inspire future work in this field with a better understanding of how human factors can be applied to AI-based solutions. We make the case for the inclusion of HF experts on diverse project teams.


Author(s):  
Markus Talg ◽  
Malte Hammerl ◽  
Michael Meyer zu Hörste

Human factors have a strong impact on railways safety. However, the assessments of these factors still follow traditional and inadequate approaches. While failure probabilities of technical systems can be measured in sufficient precision, human error probabilities are still estimated in a very rough and vague way. Upon this motivation, the contribution presents a method analyzing human influence in railway applications. The approach of human-barrier-interaction relies on a new model of human behavior, a classic model of human-machine-interaction and a model of safety measures by barriers. Applying the method, human reliability can be assessed in comparative way. An advantage over existing approaches is the substantial combination of cognitive psychology and engineering expertise without unpractical complexity.


Author(s):  
Antonio Chialastri

In this chapter, the author presents a human factors problem for automation: why, when, and how automation has been introduced in the aviation domain; what problems arise from different ways of operating; and the possible countermeasures to limit faulty interaction between humans and machines. This chapter is divided into parts: definition of automation, its advantages in ensuring safety in complex systems such as aviation; reasons for the introduction of on-board automation, with a quick glance at the history of accidents in aviation and the related safety paradigms; ergonomics: displays, tools, human-machine interaction emphasizing the cognitive demands in high tempo and complex flight situations; illustration of the AF 447 case, a crash happened in 2009, which causes are linked to faulty human-machine interaction.


Author(s):  
Christopher A. Miller

The concept of Levels of Automation (LOAs) as a categorization of distinct combinations of human-automation relationships arrayed along, usually, a spectrum of possibilities has a long and fruitful tradition in Human Factors. Nevertheless, if a proliferation of novel LOA schemes and uses is any evidence, there is some reason to perceive unrest and dissatisfaction with comparatively simple LOA schemes that have been proposed in the past. This panel will review concepts and uses of Levels of Automation schemas and discuss their relative strengths and weaknesses. A central theme will be whether novel automation capabilities (and, therefore, novel human-machine interaction opportunities) demand revisions to LOA concepts or whether we can (or have) defined a scheme that defines the full space of possible interaction types.


Author(s):  
Lucas Paletta

AbstractHuman attention processes play a major role in the optimization of human-machine interaction (HMI) systems. This work describes a suite of innovative components within a novel framework in order to assess the human factors state of the human operator primarily by gaze and in real-time. The objective is to derive parameters that determine information about situation awareness of the human collaborator that represents a central concept in the evaluation of interaction strategies in collaboration. The human control of attention provides measures of executive functions that enable to characterize key features in the domain of human-machine collaboration. This work presents a suite of human factors analysis components (the Human Factors Toolbox) and its application in the assembly processes of a future production line. Comprehensive experiments on HMI are described which were conducted with typical tasks including collaborative pick-and-place in a lab based prototypical manufacturing environment.


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