AF 447 as a Paradigmatic Accident

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

In this chapter, the author presents a human factors problem for automation: why, when, and how automation has been introduced in the aviation domain; what problems arise from different ways of operating; and the possible countermeasures to limit faulty interaction between humans and machines. This chapter is divided into parts: definition of automation, its advantages in ensuring safety in complex systems such as aviation; reasons for the introduction of on-board automation, with a quick glance at the history of accidents in aviation and the related safety paradigms; ergonomics: displays, tools, human-machine interaction emphasizing the cognitive demands in high tempo and complex flight situations; illustration of the AF 447 case, a crash happened in 2009, which causes are linked to faulty human-machine interaction.

Human Factors and Artificial Intelligence – How can we achieve AI for social good (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.21803 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arlene Oetomo ◽

Sahan Salim ◽

Tatiana Bevilacqua ◽

Kirti Sundar Sahu ◽

Pedro Elkind Velmovitsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Human Factors ◽

Independent Living ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Technological Advancement ◽

Social Good ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Future Work ◽

BACKGROUND Advances in technology will impact the field of human factors as new solutions change how we plan, share knowledge, perceive and act on real world problems. Human machine interaction will become more seamless until we are unable to differentiate between the human and the machine introducing issues of trust and privacy. Technological advancement has created big data and now we are able to tackle large problems with data for better evidence-based solutions and policy measures. OBJECTIVE This paper discusses the use of human factors methods when developing solutions that use artificial intelligence, including machine learning and deep learning, to tackle challenges for social good, especially related to health. METHODS We review relevant literature and present areas and example use cases. RESULTS The potential uses for artificial intelligence applied with human factors are discussed in four areas which impact human health and wellbeing: precision medicine, independent living, public health and the environment. CONCLUSIONS We hope to inspire future work in this field with a better understanding of how human factors can be applied to AI-based solutions. We make the case for the inclusion of HF experts on diverse project teams.

Integration of Human Factors to Safety Assessments by Human Barrier Interaction

Railway Safety, Reliability, and Security ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-1643-1.ch015 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 327-339

Author(s):

Markus Talg ◽

Malte Hammerl ◽

Michael Meyer zu Hörste

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Human Error ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Safety Measures ◽

Technical Systems ◽

Safety Assessments ◽

Error Probabilities ◽

Machine Interaction ◽

Sufficient Precision

Human factors have a strong impact on railways safety. However, the assessments of these factors still follow traditional and inadequate approaches. While failure probabilities of technical systems can be measured in sufficient precision, human error probabilities are still estimated in a very rough and vague way. Upon this motivation, the contribution presents a method analyzing human influence in railway applications. The approach of human-barrier-interaction relies on a new model of human behavior, a classic model of human-machine-interaction and a model of safety measures by barriers. Applying the method, human reliability can be assessed in comparative way. An advantage over existing approaches is the substantial combination of cognitive psychology and engineering expertise without unpractical complexity.

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION IN CENTRALIZED SECURITY SYSTEMS – FROM COLLISIONS TO HARMONY

CULTURE AND SAFETY ◽

10.25257/kb.2021.3.22-27 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 22-27

Author(s):

A. Krotov ◽

◽

A. Morozov ◽

S. Sokolov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Technological Progress ◽

National Guard ◽

Human Experience ◽

Security Systems ◽

World Picture ◽

Security Service ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

The formation and development fragment of history of human-machine interaction in the operator – central observation panel system of the Non-departmental Security Service of the Federal National Guard Troops Service in terms of technological progress relationship with the formation of human experience and the world picture based on it is considered in the article.

Human Factors for Design of Hand Gesture Human - Machine Interaction

2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics ◽

10.1109/icsmc.2006.384767 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Helman I Stern ◽

Juan P. Wachs ◽

Yael Edan

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Hand Gesture ◽

Combining Big Data and Artificial Intelligence for Managing Collective Knowledge in Unpredictable Environment—Insights from the Chinese Case in Facing COVID-19

Journal of the Knowledge Economy ◽

10.1007/s13132-020-00703-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Iandolo ◽

Francesca Loia ◽

Irene Fulco ◽

Chiara Nespoli ◽

Francesco Caputo

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Big Data ◽

Knowledge Management ◽

Business Models ◽

New Technologies ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Unpredictable Environment ◽

Definition Of ◽

AbstractThe increasing fluidity of social and business configurations made possible by the opportunities provided by the World Wide Web and the new technologies is questioning the validity of consolidated business models and managerial approaches. New rules are emerging and multiple changes are required to both individuals and organizations engaged in dynamic and unpredictable paths.In such a scenario, the paper aims at describing the potential role of big data and artificial intelligence in the path toward a collective approach to knowledge management. Thanks to the interpretative lens provided by systems thinking, a framework able to explain human-machine interaction is depicted and its contribution to the definition of a collective approach to knowledge management in unpredictable environment is traced.Reflections herein are briefly discussed with reference to the Chinese governmental approach for managing COVID-19 spread to emphasise the support that a technology-based collective approach to knowledge management can provide to decision-making processes in unpredictable environments.

Authenticity in the age of digital companions

Interaction Studies ◽

10.1075/is.8.3.11tur ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 501-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Sherry Turkle

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Nearest Neighbors ◽

Place Value ◽

Living Things ◽

History Of ◽

The first generation of children to grow up with electronic toys and games saw computers as our “nearest neighbors.” They spoke of computers as rational machines and of people as emotional machines, a fragile formulation destined to be challenged. By the mid-1990s, computational creatures, including robots, were presenting themselves as “relational artifacts,” beings with feelings and needs. One consequence of this development is a crisis in authenticity in many quarters. In an increasing number of situations, people behave as though they no longer place value on living things and authentic emotion. This paper examines watershed moments in the history of human–machine interaction, focusing on the pertinence of relational artifacts to our collective perception of aliveness, life’s purposes, and the implications of relational artifacts for relationships. For now, the exploration of human–robot encounters leads us to questions about the morality of creating believable digital companions that are evocative but not authentic.

Introduction

What Is a Complex System? ◽

10.12987/yale/9780300251104.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

J. Ladyman ◽

K. Wiesner

Keyword(s):

Complex Systems ◽

Systems Theory ◽

Intelligent Systems ◽

Complexity Science ◽

Scientific Discipline ◽

The Status ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

Conceptual Foundations

This introductory chapter provides an overview and a brief history of complexity science, which is the study of complex systems. All living systems and all intelligent systems are complex systems. Complexity science is relatively new but already indispensable. Many of the most important problems in engineering, medicine, and public policy are now addressed with the ideas and methods of complexity science. However, there is no agreement about the definition of 'complexity' or 'complex system', nor even about whether a definition is possible or needed. The conceptual foundations of complexity science are disputed, and there are many and diverging views among scientists about what complexity and complex systems are. Even the status of complexity as a discipline can be questioned given that it potentially covers almost everything. The origins of complexity science lie in cybernetics and systems theory, both of which began in the 1950s. Complexity science is related to dynamical systems theory, which matured in the 1970s, and to the study of cellular automata, which were invented at the end of the 1940s. By then computer science had become established as a new scientific discipline.

Internet research ethics

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561803.013.0031 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles M. Ess

Keyword(s):

Research Ethics ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Ethical Problem ◽

Internet Research ◽

The Face ◽

History Of ◽

The One ◽

Machine Interaction ◽

Internet Research Ethics

This article discusses Internet research ethics, which promises to become an ever-more robust and significant field within information ethics, on the one hand, and research ethics more broadly, on the other. As new venues emerge for human–human and human–machine interaction, it seems certain that new ethical conundrums will emerge. But the overall history of Internet research ethics includes at least some convergence on key values and rights, while at the same time preserving important local differences with regard to approaches to ethical decision making and implementation of basic rights and principles – even across East–West divides. This trajectory suggests not the certainty of finding resolutions to every ethical problem that comes along, but rather the sense of finding such resolutions in the face of new difficulties, with sufficient frequency and success to encourage further efforts to do so.

IDENTIFICATION OF MARINE EMERGENCY RESPONSE OF ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION OPERATOR

Radio Electronics Computer Science Control ◽

10.15588/1607-3274-2021-1-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 208-223

Author(s):

P. S. Nosov ◽

V. V. Cherniavskyi ◽

S. M. Zinchenko ◽

I. S. Popovych ◽

Ya. А. Nahrybelnyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Automated Analysis ◽

Video Data ◽

Automated Identification ◽

Sea Transport ◽

Intellectual Activity ◽

Context. The article introduces an approach for analyzing the reactions of a marine electronic navigation operator as well as automated identification of the likelihood of the negative impact of the human factors in ergatic control systems for sea transport. To meet the target algorithms for providing information referring to the results of human-machine interaction of an operator in marine emergency response situations while managing increasing complexity of navigation operations’ carrying out are put forward. Objective. The approach delivers conversion of the operator’s actions feature space into a logical-geometric one of p-adic systems making the level of the operator’s intellectual activity by using automated means highly likely to be identified. It is sure to contribute to its dynamic prediction for the sake of further marine emergency situations lessening. Method. Within the framework of the mentioned above approach attaining objective as automated identification of the segmented results of human-machine interactions a method for transforming deterministic fragments of an operator’s intellectual activity in terms of p-adic structures is proposed to be used. To cope with such principles as specification, generalization as well as transitions to different perception spaces of the navigation situation by the operator are said to be formally specified. Having been carried out of simulation modeling has turned out to confirm the feasibility of the proposed above approach causing, on the grounds of temporary identifiers, the individual structure of the operator’s reactions to be determined. As a result, the data obtained has delivered the possibility of having typical situations forecasted by using automated multicriteria methods and tools. This issue for its part is said to be spotted as identification of individual indicators of the operator’s reaction dynamics in complex man-machine interaction. Results. In order to have the proposed formal-algorithmic approach approved an experiment was performed using the navigation simulator Navi Trainer 5000 (NTPRO 5000). Automated analysis of experimental server and video data have furnished the means of deterministic operator actions identification in the form of metadata of the trajectory of his reactions within the space of p-adic structures. Thus, the results of modeling involving automated neural networks are sure to facilitate the time series of the intellectual activity of the electronic marine navigation operator to be identified and, therefore, to predict further reactions with a high degree of reliability. Conclusions. The proposed formal research approaches combined with the developed automated means as well as algorithmic and methodological suggestions brought closer to the objectives for solving the problem of automated identification of the negative impact of the human factors of the electronic navigation operator on a whole new level. The efficiency of the proposed approach is noticed to have been approved by the results of automated processing of experimental data and built forecasts.