scholarly journals China and Central and Eastern European Countries within ’16+1’: Group or Bilateral Relations?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Jaklič ◽  
Marjan Svetličič
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Polityka traktatowa Polski w zakresie umów o przyjaźni i współpracy po „Jesieni ludów” 1989 r.

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-302
Author(s):  
Wojciech Szczepan Staszewski
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Bilateral Treaties ◽  
Polish Foreign

A state’s treaty policy constitutes a significant aspect of the foreign policy to every country. The transformations in Poland and in the other Central and Eastern European countries launched by the events described as “Autumn of Nations” of 1989 have brought fundamental changes to the several governments and the international community, including Poland’s, which demanded a revision of the Polish treaty policy. Due to the fact that the bilateral Treaties of Friendship and Cooperation reflect the priorities of foreign policy and indicate the characteristics of the bilateral relations, they play particularly important role in the treaty relations of every country. Through the outlook on the transformations in the Polish treaty policy with respect to the Treaties of Friendship and Cooperation made after the governmental changes, this paper attempts to present the interest areas for the Polish foreign policy after 1989.

Knowledge about basic life support in European students

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (21) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Marton ◽  
Attila Pandúr ◽  
Emese Pék ◽  
Krisztina Deutsch ◽  
Bálint Bánfai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
European Students ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
European Youth

Introduction: Better knowledge and skills of basic life support can save millions of lives each year in Europe. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge about basic life support in European students. Method: From 13 European countries 1527 volunteer participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic questions and knowledge regarding basic life support. The maximum possible score was 18. Results: Those participants who had basic life support training earned 11.91 points, while those who had not participated in lifesaving education had 9.6 points (p<0.001). Participants from former socialist Eastern European countries reached 10.13 points, while Western Europeans had average 10.85 points (p<0.001). The best results were detected among the Swedish students, and the worst among the Belgians. Conclusions: Based on the results, there are significant differences in the knowledge about basic life support between students from different European countries. Western European youth, and those who were trained had better performance. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 833–837.

Central and Eastern European states in global production linkages: country-level and sector-level analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Cieślik
Keyword(s):  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Level Analysis

The paper evaluates Central and Eastern European countries’ (CEEs) location in global vertical specialization (global value chains, GVCs). To locate each country in global value chains (upstream or downstream segment/market) and to compare them with the selected countries, a very selective methodology was adopted. We concluded that (a) CEE countries differ in the levels of their participation in production linkages. Countries that have stronger links with Western European countries, especially with Germany, are more integrated; (b) a large share of the CEE countries’ gross exports passes through Western European GVCs; (c) most exporters in Central and Eastern Europe are positioned in the downstream segments of production rather than in the upstream markets. JEL classification: F14, F15.

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