scholarly journals Evaluating Irrigation Efficiency: Toward a Sustainable Water Future for Montana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Lonsdale ◽  
Wyatt F. Cross ◽  
Charles E. Dalby ◽  
Sara E. Meloy ◽  
Ann C. Schwend

Water is our most valuable natural resource, and is used to support the demands of industry, agriculture, hydroelectric power generation, and municipalities. Water also sustains Montana’s booming recreation and tourism economy and maintains the diverse freshwater ecosystems that provide natural goods and services and promote human well-being. As our population continues to grow, and the collective demand for water increases, it is imperative that we carefully assess how our water is used, as well as how changes in water distribution, management, and governance are likely to influence its availability in the future. This is especially important in the context of a changing climate.

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAIME C. AUTON ◽  
MARK W. WIGGINS ◽  
BEN J. SEARLE ◽  
NAN XU RATTANASONE

ABSTRACTThe readback/hearback loop is a communicative protocol used in many high-risk environments to ensure that a verbal instruction has been heard correctly by a receiver. However, it does not necessarily ensure that an instruction has been understood. Using an international sample of hydroelectric power generation controllers, this study examined whether particular linguistic (complete and partial readbacks) and prosodic (final intonation, filler, and interturn delay) cues contained within a readback response could signal to listeners the extent to which speakers had understood an instruction. The results indicated that different prosodic cues are used to detect nonunderstandings, depending upon the linguistic content of the readback. The results have implications for training and system design in distributed environments.


RBRH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Andrades Paixão ◽  
Masato Kobiyama

ABSTRACT Mountain rivers are situated in a large portion of the terrestrial surface, especially in headwaters regions, and have been used for various purposes such as recreation, sporting activities, water resources and hydroelectric power generation. However, hydrogeomorphic characteristics of mountain rivers are not fully understood. In this context, the present paper aimed to identify relevant parameters for characterizing rivers in these environments based on bibliographical review. It was identified which parameters have been used and how they have been used to characterize mountain rivers in distinct classifications. The most cited parameters were channel gradient, relation between river width and depth, entrenchment ratio, discharge, sediment transport and grain-size distribution. Also, the current situation related to researches in fluvial geomorphology in mountain rivers in Brazil was evaluated, and the strong need of field survey as basis for the best understanding of mountain fluvial dynamics and characterization was verified.


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