Breaking through the glass ceiling: The three-dimensional model (Macro, Meso and Micro) towards promoting women participation in an academic context: Insights from a mixed-methods approach

This study aimed at bridging this gap and proposed a Three-Dimensional Model (Macro, Meso, and Micro). It also attempted to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of the glass ceiling, which limits women's participation in higher decision-making positions and determined how to overcome these barriers. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach. Three exploratory workshops involving 65 academic women leaders were conducted at three Saudi universities. This was followed by a field survey of the overall population involving 213 female leaders. Then six interviews of 35 female leaders were conducted. The results of the field survey illustrated the barriers preventing women from career development. According to the participants, the most challenging barriers at the institutional level were related to administrative and organizational aspects. They were followed by the barriers related to institutional culture. The social and personal barriers were ranked the last. The results of the interviews also revealed a set of ideas, which proposed methods to support women's progress to senior positions. They included political authority, policy development, open-door policy, adherence to the standards for selecting leaders based on competence, continuous evaluation, and professional development. The important role of the academic woman leader in the development of her career requires her to take responsibility for her professional growth and meet the requirements of the leadership role. The study recommends a comprehensive and profound treatment of the glass ceiling phenomenon. The study recommends a comprehensive training plan to support the skills, experiences, and capabilities of qualified women to occupy academic leadership. Benefiting from international expertise regarding this issue is highly recommended. There must be continuous monitoring and analysis of some quantitative and qualitative indicators based on an accurate database related to the academic empowerment of Saudi women.

Discovery of Kerivoula kachinensis and a validity of K. titania (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in China

In April 2019, 15 (10♂, 5♀) Kerivoula bats were collected by harp traps from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. External and craniodental examination, multivariate statistical analyses and molecular phylogenetic inference (CoI, Cytb and Rag2 gene markers) indicated they are Kerivoula kachinensis and Kerivoula titania, respectively. Former represents a new chiropteran record from China, while the latter is a valid occurrence of K. titania in this region because recent study indicate a misidentification of “K. titania” in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, China. All specimens are presently preserved at Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China in Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. Nowadays, four woolly bats occur in China including, Kerivoula furva, K. kachinensis, Kerivoula picta and K. titania, whilst there is a risk of underestimation the actual species diversity in China region when comparing those of neighboring region such as Vietnam. Supports for field survey need to be continued in future.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ISLAMIC BANK INCOME AND INCOME CONVENTIONAL BANKS AGAINST BANK PROFITABILITY

Bank Syariah Indonesia has sharia contracts that can make it easier for customers to get consumptive financing such as financing in the purchase of cars/motorcycles, but many people do not know that Islamic banks have such consumptive financing products. Based on the results of research on the mechanism and application of consumptive financing on the Oto iB Hasanah BNI Syariah Banda Aceh product, this can be done in three stages, namely: First, the customer applies for consumptive financing for the Oto iB Hasanah BNI Syariah Banda Aceh product by completing the file, second, checking data or verifying data for completeness and the truth of the file, thirdly, a field survey with the 5C principle (Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition and Collateral). murabahah namely an agreement on profit, payment method, sale and purchase agreement and delivery of goods.

Characterization and Evaluation of Metarhizium spp. (Metsch.) Sorokin Isolates for Their Temperature Tolerance

A field survey was done in teak (Tectona grandis F.) forests in South India to explore the entomopathogenic effect of Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Sordariomycetes) against teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae). About 300 soils and infected insect samples were collected during the survey and thirty-six fungal isolates were isolated from soil and insect samples and characterized. The fungi were cultured on PDAY with dodine and antibiotics. Generally, the EPF culture was incubated at 27 °C in darkness for 15 days. Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Fungi (EPF) ability to germinate under cold and heat temperatures was assessed in a culture impregnated with conidia. In the experiment, it was found that for the first time Metarhizium quizhouense, Metarhizium robertsii, and Metarhizium majus species caused significantly higher mortality to hosts. These isolates of M. anisopliae, M. robertsii, M. majus, and M. quizhouense were all considered to be effective virulent and environmentally adaptive. The Metarhizium isolates were recommended as effective bio-control agents through the field investigation of teak defoliator Hyblaea puera from South India forest. This study paves the way to utilize the indigenous isolates of EPF for the control of teak defoliator and to combat the pests thatare resistant to insecticide.

UAV survey of sand knolls in the Tsasucheysky Bor Nature Reserve

The paper examines development of sand knolls under the influence of climatic and anthropogenic factors in Southern Zabaykalye within the territory of Tsasucheysky Bor nature reserve. The sand knolls were studied on-site with instruments and aerial surveying. Grain size distribution of the soil cover was studied. The floristic composition of the sand knolls represented by motley grass-grasses and herbs-grasses steppe communities with varying degrees of projective cover was investigated. The analysis of the field survey data from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) made it possible to obtain the main morphometric parameters of the sand knolls, and overlaying aerial photographs on historic satellite images allowed to trace how they changed in time. The studies showed that the movement of the studied sand knolls with time as Aeolian formations under the influence of wind erosion is unlikely, as the sand knolls are currently mostly covered by steppe vegetation, and only about 20% of the areas are bare. The analysis of satellite images and aerial photographs showed that over the last twenty years the sand knolls had not moved or changed their size.

A Study on the Roads Flatness Using International Roughness Index in New Taipei City

The quality of roads is an indicator of urban progress. The development of tourism and economy contributes to the increasing demands for transportation and, thus, aggravated burdens and vulnerability to damage of these roads, and the result is compromised transportation quality and safety. The Road Leveling Project is aimed to road updates and improvement of pavement quality. New Taipei City was selected as the subject for this study. International roughness index (IRI) was selected for field survey and statistical comparison. The outcome indicated that the IRI spread between 3.5 and 6.5 m/km before road leveling with an average of 4.71 m/km; the index fell between 2.5 and 4.5 m/km after road leveling with an average of 3.12m/km, suggesting that the IRI of the tested road sections showed a declining trend. For multi-lane road sections tested, the improvement was greater on the outer lanes than on the inner lanes. This proves that the implementation of the Road Leveling Project has made significant improvement in terms of pavement flatness. Suggestions are proposed in this study for the subsequent management and improvement polices of the Road Leveling Project, hoping that the pavement quality improvement continues to contribute to the extension of road service life and ride comfort.

Mapping of Plant-Parasitic Nematode Using GIS Technology in Tainal Watershed, Sulaimaniyah Province, Iraq

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate soil samples which had been taken from depths ranging from 0-30 cm in greenhouses planted with different vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and eggplants in 24 agricultural sites in 19 villages. GIS application was used to make maps showing the results of a field survey that was conducted. The experiment was conducted for an area of 12 km2 in the Tainal Plain, west of Sulaimaniyah Province. Nearly 30% of the soil of the greenhouses were heavily infected. Plant analysis showed that the characteristics of ash, fat and moisture were significantly affected as a result of infection with nematodes. The spread of root-knot nematode juveniles in the villages of Al-Mahmoudia, Kani Pengsharma and Kani Shaya was 706, 695 and 622 per 250 g of soil. In tissues of the studied plants, the highest nitrogen content was 68.2 mg in Ziyeka, 60.4 mg in Gawani and 59.7 mg in Ali Bzaw. Phosphorus concentrations were highest in Kani Shaya, Shwankara and Ziyeka (25.5, 25.3 and 23.1 mg, respectively). Warmizyar had 91.8 mg of potassium, Kani Shaya had 78.6 mg and Kani Big had 71.6 mg. The calcium concentrations in Ziyeka, Gawani and Mewk were 54.5, 48.4 and 47.7 mg, respectively.

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND ENERGIZING ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING: EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR IMPROVING COMMUNITY-BASED ECO-TOURISM PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA

This paper aimed to examine the effect of transformational leadership, energizing organizational learning and teamwork efficacy on improving Indonesia community-based eco-tourism organization performance. A field survey was conducted in the Tasikmalaya tourism sector. A total of 205 eco-tourism workers were surveyed to obtain data. This study offered a conceptual model for variable proposed to improve the eco-tourism community performance. The findings show that transformational leadership and energizing the organizational learning process positively affects organizational performance in the eco-tourism community. The author argues that energizing the organizational learning process mediates the relation between transformational leadership and organizational performance. This study addressed gaps in transformational leadership literature and practices by examining the interactions between energizing organizational learning process and eco-tourism workers teamwork's efficacy.