scholarly journals Mega-environment analysis of maize breeding data from Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francielly de Cássia Pereira ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho ◽  
Marcio Fernando Ribeiro de Resende Junior ◽  
Renzo Garcia Von Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Environment Analysis

Evaluation of Acoustic Analyses of Voice in Nonoptimized Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 3991-3999
Author(s):  
Benjamin van der Woerd ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Vijay Parsa ◽  
Philip C. Doyle ◽  
Kevin Fung
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Recording Conditions ◽  
Cepstral Peak Prominence

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the fidelity and accuracy of a smartphone microphone and recording environment on acoustic measurements of voice. Method A prospective cohort proof-of-concept study. Two sets of prerecorded samples (a) sustained vowels (/a/) and (b) Rainbow Passage sentence were played for recording via the internal iPhone microphone and the Blue Yeti USB microphone in two recording environments: a sound-treated booth and quiet office setting. Recordings were presented using a calibrated mannequin speaker with a fixed signal intensity (69 dBA), at a fixed distance (15 in.). Each set of recordings (iPhone—audio booth, Blue Yeti—audio booth, iPhone—office, and Blue Yeti—office), was time-windowed to ensure the same signal was evaluated for each condition. Acoustic measures of voice including fundamental frequency ( f o ), jitter, shimmer, harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP), were generated using a widely used analysis program (Praat Version 6.0.50). The data gathered were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Two separate data sets were used. The set of vowel samples included both pathologic ( n = 10) and normal ( n = 10), male ( n = 5) and female ( n = 15) speakers. The set of sentence stimuli ranged in perceived voice quality from normal to severely disordered with an equal number of male ( n = 12) and female ( n = 12) speakers evaluated. Results The vowel analyses indicated that the jitter, shimmer, HNR, and CPP were significantly different based on microphone choice and shimmer, HNR, and CPP were significantly different based on the recording environment. Analysis of sentences revealed a statistically significant impact of recording environment and microphone type on HNR and CPP. While statistically significant, the differences across the experimental conditions for a subset of the acoustic measures (viz., jitter and CPP) have shown differences that fell within their respective normative ranges. Conclusions Both microphone and recording setting resulted in significant differences across several acoustic measurements. However, a subset of the acoustic measures that were statistically significant across the recording conditions showed small overall differences that are unlikely to have clinical significance in interpretation. For these acoustic measures, the present data suggest that, although a sound-treated setting is ideal for voice sample collection, a smartphone microphone can capture acceptable recordings for acoustic signal analysis.

Hybrid maize breeding with doubled haploids: Comparison between selection criteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. H. Longin ◽  
H. F. Utz ◽  
A. E. Melchinger ◽  
J.C. Reif
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Optimum Allocation ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Selection Gain ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Breeding Resources

The optimum allocation of breeding resources is crucial for the efficiency of breeding programmes. The objectives were to (i) compare selection gain ΔGk for finite and infinite sample sizes, (ii) compare ΔGk and the probability of identifying superior hybrids (Pk), and (iii) determine the optimum allocation of the number of hybrids and test locations in hybrid maize breeding using doubled haploids. Infinite compared to finite sample sizes led to almost identical optimum allocation of test resources, but to an inflation of ΔGk. This inflation decreased as the budget and the number of finally selected hybrids increased. A reasonable Pk was reached for hybrids belonging to the q = 1% best of the population. The optimum allocations for Pk(q) and ΔGkwere similar, indicating that Pk(q) is promising for optimizing breeding programmes.

Improvement of effectiveness in maize breeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Selection For

Plant regeneration via tissue culture is becoming increasingly more common in monocots such as maize (Zea mays L.). Pollen (gametophytic) selection for resistance to aflatoxin in maize can greatly facilitate recurrent selection and the screening of germplasm for resistance at much less cost and in a shorter time than field testing. In vivo and in vitro techniques have been integrated in maize breeding programmes to obtain desirable agronomic attributes, enhance the genes responsible for them and speed up the breeding process. The efficiency of anther and tissue cultures in maize and wheat has reached the stage where they can be used in breeding programmes to some extent and many new cultivars produced by genetic manipulation have now reached the market.

Comparison of corrosion resistance properties of Ni-P and Ni-W-P coatings obtained by electroless deposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
A.B. Drovosekov
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Electroless Deposition ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Electrochemical Activity ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
Electroless Coatings

Corrosion resistance properties, such as porosity, stability in the atmosphere of NaCl mist, and anodic electrochemical activity in a sulfuric acid solution are studied and compared for Ni-W-P and Ni-P coatings obtained by electroless deposition. The studied coatings were obtained from solutions with glycine as the main ligand and contained 10.2 to 15.6 at.% of phosphorus and up to 3.3 at.% of tungsten. It is shown that Ni-W-P coatings with a tungsten content of 2.3 to 3.3 at.% and a thickness of 15 μm have a significantly lower porosity as compared with nickel-phosphorus coatings of the same thickness. Also, significantly better stability of Ni-W-P coatings in a NaCl mist atmosphere was observed, their corrosion damage degree is less than that of Ni-P coatings, and relatively little depends on the duration of exposure in a corrosive environment. Analysis of anodic polarization curves showed an almost similar electrochemical activity upon dissolution of Ni-P and Ni-W-P coatings in sulfuric acid. Both these types of electroless coatings showed a markedly better tendency to anodic dissolution than pure nickel. Taking into account the obtained experimental data, a conclusion is made as to the better protective characteristics of Ni-W-P coatings in comparison with nickel-phosphorus coatings. The main reason of the inferior protective properties of Ni-P coatings is their relatively high porosity.

Doubled haploid production in maize under Sub-montane Himalayan conditions using R1-nj-based haploid inducer TAILP1

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K Khulbe ◽  
A. Pattanayak ◽  
Lakshmi Kant ◽  
G. S. Bisht ◽  
M. C. Pant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Haploid Induction ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Line Production ◽  
Haploid Inducer ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Developmental Phases

The use of in vivo haploid induction system makes the doubled haploid (DH) technology easier to adopt for the conventional maize breeders. However, despite having played an important role in the initial developmental phases of DH technology, Indian maize research has yet to harvest its benefits. Haploid Inducer Lines (HILs) developed by CIMMYT are being widely used in maize breeding programmes in many countries including India. There, however, is no published information on the efficiency of DH line production using CIMMYT HILs in Indian maize breeding programmes. In the present study, the efficiency of DH production using CIMMYT’s tropically adapted inducer line TAILP1 was investigated with eight source populations including two of sweet corn. The average haploid induction rate (HIR) of TAILP1 was 5.48% with a range of 2.01 to 10.03%. Efficiency of DH production ranged from 0.14 to 1.87% for different source populations with an average of 1.07%. The information generated will be useful for maize breeders intending to use DH technology for accelerated development of completely homozygous lines.

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