scholarly journals Ictal ECG changes in temporal lobe epilepsy

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 (3b) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Li ◽  
J. Roche ◽  
J.W.A.S. Sander
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Video Eeg

Changes in cardiac rhythm may occur during epileptic seizures and this has been suggested as a possible mechanism for sudden unexpected death amongst patients with chronic epilepsy (SUDEP). We have studied ECG changes during 61 complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin in 20 patients. Tachycardia was observed in 24/61 (39%) and bradycardia in 3/61 (5%). The mean and median tachycardia rate was 139 and 140 beats/min (range 120-180). The longest R-R interval observed was 9 seconds. No difference was found in regard to the lateralisation of seizures and cardiac arrhytmia. One of the patients with bradycardia was fitted with a demand cardiac pacemaker, which appeared to decrease the number of his falls. In conclusion, ictal cardiac changes which may be seen in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are sinus tachycardia and occasionally sinus bradycardia. Patients presenting vague complains suggestive of either TLE or cardiac dysrhythmia, simultaneous monitoring with EEG/ECG is required, and if the episodes are frequent, video-EEG should be considered. Further studies on this subject are warranted as this may shed some light on possible mechanisms for SUDEP.

scholarly journals Cerebral Hemispheric Lateralization Associated with Hippocampal Sclerosis May Affect Interictal Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokia Ghchime ◽  
Halima Benjelloun ◽  
Hajar Kiai ◽  
Halima Belaidi ◽  
Fatiha Lahjouji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
The Right

It is well established that the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is linked to the autonomic nervous system dysfunctions. Seizures alter the function of different systems such as the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible factors which may be involved in interictal cardiovascular autonomic function in temporal lobe epilepsy with complex partial seizures, and with particular attention to hippocampal sclerosis. The study was conducted in 30 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (19 with left hippocampal sclerosis, 11 with right hippocampal sclerosis). All subjects underwent four tests of cardiac autonomic function: heart rate changes in response to deep breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure variations throughout resting activity and during hand grip, mental stress, and orthostatic tests. Our results show that the right cerebral hemisphere predominantly modulates sympathetic activity, while the left cerebral hemisphere mainly modulates parasympathetic activity, which mediated tachycardia and excessive bradycardia counterregulation, both of which might be involved as a mechanism of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy patients (SUDEP).

scholarly journals Frequency of peri-ictal apnea and cardiac arrhythmias in epileptic seizures

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rady Yousif ◽  
M. Ossama Abdulghani ◽  
A. Gaber ◽  
Naglaa El Khayat ◽  
Y. A. Abo Elnaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Focal Seizures ◽  
Epileptic Patients

Abstract Background Available data from witnessed and monitored sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) cases postulate that ictal central apnea (ICA) and ictal arrhythmias are the main causes of SUDEP. ICA is a frequent semiological feature of focal epilepsy and occasionally the only clinical manifestation of focal seizures. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of ICA and cardiac arrhythmias in epileptic patients and to study the risk factors and predictors of their occurrence. Methods Fifty patients diagnosed with epilepsy were recruited in this study. All participants underwent prolonged surface video electroencephalography (VEEG) study using the 10-20 international electrode system with concomitant polysomnography including electrocardiography (ECG), heart rate monitoring, and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) using pulse oximetry. Also inductance plethysmography was used to record chest and abdominal excursions. Results Complete datasets were available in 50 patients and 112 seizures were recorded. ICA occurred exclusively in focal epilepsy (P <0.001). Temporal lobe epilepsy was associated with higher occurrence of ICA in comparison to extratemporal epilepsy (P <0.001). In addition, seizures lateralized to the left hemisphere were associated with higher occurrence of ICA (P <0.001). On the other side, tachycardia was found to be more associated with temporal lobe epilepsy and left hemispheric seizure onset (P <0.001). Conclusion ICA occurred exclusively in focal seizures and tachycardia magnitude was more with focal seizures, and both had higher percentage in temporal lobe epilepsy in comparison to other types and in seizures with left hemispheric onset.

scholarly journals Altered A-type potassium channel function in the nucleus tractus solitarii in acquired temporal lobe epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel D. Derera ◽  
Katalin Cs. Smith ◽  
Bret N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarii ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Inactivation Kinetics ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Increased Risk

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is among the leading causes of death in people with epilepsy. Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have a high risk for SUDEP because the seizures are often medically intractable. Neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) have been implicated in mouse models of SUDEP and play a critical role in modulating cardiorespiratory and autonomic output. Increased neuronal excitability of inhibitory, GABAergic neurons in the NTS develops during epileptogenesis, and NTS dysfunction has been implicated in mouse models of SUDEP. In this study we used the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model of TLE (i.e., pilo-SE mice) to investigate the A-type voltage-gated K+ channel as a potential contributor to increased excitability in GABAergic NTS neurons during epileptogenesis. Compared with age-matched control mice, pilo-SE mice displayed an increase in spontaneous action potential frequency and half-width 9–12 wk after treatment. Activity of GABAergic NTS neurons from pilo-SE mice showed less sensitivity to 4-aminopyridine. Correspondingly, reduced A-type K+ current amplitude was detected in these neurons, with no change in activation or inactivation kinetics. No changes were observed in Kv4.1, Kv4.2, Kv4.3, KChIP1, KChIP3, or KChIP4 mRNA expression. These changes contribute to the increased excitability in GABAergic NTS neurons that develops in TLE and may provide insight into potential mechanisms contributing to the increased risk for cardiorespiratory collapse and SUDEP in this model. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a leading cause of death in epilepsy, and dysfunction in central autonomic neurons may play a role. In a mouse model of acquired epilepsy, GABAergic neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii developed a reduced amplitude of the A-type current, which contributes to the increased excitability seen in these neurons during epileptogenesis. Neuronal excitability changes in inhibitory central vagal circuitry may increase the risk for cardiorespiratory collapse and SUDEP.

HAP1 Modulates Epileptic Seizures by Regulating GABAAR Function in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and in the PTZ-Induced Epileptic Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1997-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Li ◽  
Bing Wu ◽  
Miaoqing He ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Qinbin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Epileptic Seizures

scholarly journals Neocortical Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Bercovici ◽  
Balagobal Santosh Kumar ◽  
Seyed M. Mirsattari
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
Reciprocal Connections ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Complex partial seizures (CPSs) can present with various semiologies, while mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a well-recognized cause of CPS, neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (nTLE) albeit being less common is increasingly recognized as separate disease entity. Differentiating the two remains a challenge for epileptologists as many symptoms overlap due to reciprocal connections between the neocortical and the mesial temporal regions. Various studies have attempted to correctly localize the seizure focus in nTLE as patients with this disorder may benefit from surgery. While earlier work predicted poor outcomes in this population, recent work challenges those ideas yielding good outcomes in part due to better localization using improved anatomical and functional techniques. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the diagnostic workup, particularly the application of recent advances in electroencephalography and functional brain imaging, in neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy.

scholarly journals How do people with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy sleep? A clinical and video-EEG with EOG and submental EMG for sleep staging study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Vieira Scarlatelli-Lima ◽  
Lucia Sukys-Claudino ◽  
Nancy Watanabe ◽  
Ricardo Guarnieri ◽  
Roger Walz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sleep Staging ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Video Eeg

Ictal Speech Manifestations in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Video-EEG Study

Epilepsia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Der-Jen Yen ◽  
Ming-Shung Su ◽  
Chun-Hing Yiu ◽  
Yang-Hsin Shih ◽  
Shang-Yeong Kwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Video Eeg
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