scholarly journals RAPDs na caracterização genético-molecular e no estudo da variabilidade genética de cultivares de ameixeira

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valmor João Bianchi ◽  
José Carlos Fachinello ◽  
Márcia Wulff Schuch
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Prunus Salicina

Marcadores moleculares têm sido amplamente utilizados nas mais variadas espécies frutíferas para análise de "fingerprinting", para o processo de certificação de material vegetal e como ferramenta auxiliar em programas de melhoramento genético, para acessar a variabilidade genética entre genótipos. Dado a importância da cultura da ameixeira para a região Sul do Brasil, o presente trabalho teve por finalidade contribuir para a caracterização genético-molecular de 17 cultivares. As cultivares foram analisadas com 12 marcadores RAPD, que produziram 187 polimorfismos. O marcador OP A20 foi o mais polimórfico, produzindo 26 perfis diferentes. A análise de agrupamento, realizada com o método UPGMA, produziu um dendrograma que permitiu uma clara separação das cultivares em três grupos, correspondentes às suas respectivas espécies, Prunus salicina, Prunus domestica e Prunus cerasifera. O alto grau de polimorfismo detectado pelos marcadores RAPD confirma o potencial da técnica na análise de "fingerprinting" e sua utilidade na estimativa da variabilidade genética entre cultivares de ameixeira.

scholarly journals Self-incompatibility in plums (Prunus salicina Lindl., Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and Prunus domestica L.). A minireview

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hegedűs ◽  
J. Halász
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
S Haplotype ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Putative Origin ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Available Information

Japanese plums (P salicina) and cherry plums (P cerasifera) are diploid species, while European plum (P. domestica) cultivars are hexaploids. Most diploid species are self-incompatible while fertility relations of the hexaploid European plums are variable between self-incompatibility and self-compatibility. About twenty S-alleles and six inter-incompatibility groups and one S-haplotype responsible for the self-fruitful phenotype were described in Japanese plum cultivars, but studies on cherry plums and even on the European plum cultivars are severely restricted. This review is focused on the available information obtained from myrobalans and European plums; and discusses recent hypotheses regarding the putative origin of the hexaploid plums, and thereby indicates the possibility of allele flow between different plum species.

scholarly journals Effects of Rootstock and Budding Height on Bacterial Canker in French Prune

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Sayler ◽  
S. M. Southwick ◽  
J. T. Yeager ◽  
K. Glozer ◽  
E. L. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Disease Pressure

Bacterial canker is one of the most economically important diseases of stone fruit trees, including ‘French’ prune (Prunus domestica). Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of rootstock selection and budding height on the incidence and severity of bacterial canker in four orchards with low to high disease pressure. Treatments included French prune scions low-grafted on ‘Lovell’ peach (Prunus persica) rootstocks as well as Myrobalan 29C (Prunus cerasifera) plum rootstocks grafted at 15, 50, and 90 cm above the rootstock crown. Another treatment consisted of growing Myrobalan 29C plum rootstocks in the field for one growing season, then field-grafting French prune buds onto rootstock scaffolds. Lovell peach rootstock provided the greatest protection from bacterial canker as measured by disease incidence and tree mortality in all orchards. Field-budded rootstocks and rootstocks grafted at the highest budding height provided moderate levels of resistance to bacterial canker. These treatments reduced the incidence but not the severity of disease.

Comparative Anatomical Responses of Tolerant and Susceptible European Plum Varieties to Black Knot Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid El Kayal ◽  
Zeinab Chamas ◽  
Islam El-Sharkawy ◽  
Jayasankar Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granules ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Visible Lesion ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Sem Analyses

Plums are affected by a cancerous disease called “Black Knot disease” caused by the fungus Apiosporina morbosa. It affects both Japanese (Prunus salicina) and European plums (Prunus domestica) equally. In order to understand the spread of the disease, histological analysis was performed in two different European plum cultivars (susceptible and tolerant). Light and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses confirmed the presence of the growing hyphae in the internal tissues of the susceptible trees. By using stereoscopic analysis with a fluorescence filter, we were able to detect the hyphae in the visible lesion area. At about 2 inches from above and below the knots, no spore or hypha was visible with the light microscope. However, SEM images showed strong evidence that the fungus is capable of migrating to adjacent vessels in the susceptible plum genotype. In fact, at that distance below and above the knots, conidia were detected inside xylem vessels suggesting a systemic movement of the fungus that has not been shown so far. No symptoms were observed in the resistant genotype. Starch granules, vessel occlusions and lipid droplets were the main distinguishable characteristics between susceptible and tolerant varieties.

Polystigma rubrum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Prunus Spinosa ◽  
Prunus Salicina

Abstract A description is provided for Polystigma rubrum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Prunus domestica, Prunus institia (syn. Prunus domestica subsp. institia), Prunus spinosa. Records on Prunus salicina (e.g. 46, 1510; 52, 1801) have not been verified. DISEASE: Large brightly coloured spots on leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Armenia, Austria, Belgium (17, 68), Bulgaria (16, 392), Channel Islands, China, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece (52, 2856), Hungary, India (60, 6325), Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Japan (46, 1510), Kazakhstan (61, 1062), Kirghizia (61, 1062), unverified, Korea (52, 1801), unverified), Lebanon (49, 982), Lithuania (42, 308), Moldova (Fatina, 1989), Netherlands (Oudemans, 1897), Poland, Portugal (Sousa da Câmara, 1916), Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain (7, 407), Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan (47, 576), Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan (61, 1062, unverified). TRANSMISSION: Stromata develop throughout late spring and summer on living leaves, producing conidia in summer and autumn, and ascospores from fallen overwintered leaves the following spring. Conidiomata sometimes persist in an apparently viable condition until the ascomata are mature. Transmission is by air-dispersal of ascospores.

Polystigma rubrum. [Distribution map].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Far East ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Japanese Plum ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Irish Republic ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Polystigma rubrum (Pers. : Fr.) DC. Hosts: Plum (Prunus domestica), Japanese plum (Prunus salicina) and other Prunus sp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, Armenia, China, Anhui, Gansu, Guanxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Sichuan, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zheijiang, Hunan, Shandong, Shaanxi, India, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Korea, Lebanon, Russia, Central Asia, Zaprometov, Far East, Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Astrakhan, Rostov, Chuvashskaya ASSR, N. Caucasus, Europe, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, England, Scotland, Wales, Northetn Ireland, Yugoslavia.

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