scholarly journals Self-incompatibility in plums (Prunus salicina Lindl., Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and Prunus domestica L.). A minireview

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hegedűs ◽  
J. Halász
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
S Haplotype ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Putative Origin ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Available Information

Japanese plums (P salicina) and cherry plums (P cerasifera) are diploid species, while European plum (P. domestica) cultivars are hexaploids. Most diploid species are self-incompatible while fertility relations of the hexaploid European plums are variable between self-incompatibility and self-compatibility. About twenty S-alleles and six inter-incompatibility groups and one S-haplotype responsible for the self-fruitful phenotype were described in Japanese plum cultivars, but studies on cherry plums and even on the European plum cultivars are severely restricted. This review is focused on the available information obtained from myrobalans and European plums; and discusses recent hypotheses regarding the putative origin of the hexaploid plums, and thereby indicates the possibility of allele flow between different plum species.

scholarly journals Preliminary characterization of the self-incompatibility genotypes of European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Halász ◽  
A. Kurilla ◽  
A. Hegedűs
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
First Intron ◽  
S Alleles

European plum is an important fruit crop with complex, hexaploid genome of unknown origin. The characterization of the selfincompatibility (S) locus of 16 European plum cultivars was carried out using the PaConsI-F primer in combination with the EM-PC1consRD primer for the first intron and the EM-PC2consFD and EM-PC3consRD primers for the second intron amplification. Altogether, 18 different alleles were scored indicating high genetic diversity. These alleles were labelled using alphabetical codes from SA to SS. We  identified 5 different alleles in 9 cultivars, 4 alleles in 5 cultivars, while 3 alleles were shown in two of the assayed cultivars. A total of 16 different S-genotypes were assigned, and discrimination of all plum cultivars was successful based on their unique S-genotypes. However, further research is required to reliably identify the S-alleles based on their DNA sequence and clarify complete S-genotypes.

scholarly journals When gametophytic self-incompatibility meets gynodioecy

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
BODIL K. EHLERS ◽  
MIKKEL H. SCHIERUP
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Selfing Rate ◽  
Female Function ◽  
Fecundity Selection ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Self Compatibility

SummaryThe occurrence of gynodioecy among angiosperms appears to be associated with self-compatibility. We use individual-based simulations to investigate the conditions for breakdown of a gametophytic self-incompatibility system in gynodioecious populations and make a comparison with hermaphroditic populations where the conditions are well known. We study three types of mutations causing self-compatibility. We track the fate of these mutations in both gynodioecious and hermaphroditic populations, where we vary the number of S-alleles, inbreeding depression and selfing rate. We find that the conditions for breakdown are less stringent if the population is gynodioecious and that the breakdown of self-incompatibility tends to promote stability of gynodioecious populations since it results in a higher frequency of females. We also find that fecundity selection has a large effect on the probability of breakdown of self-incompatibility, in particular if caused by a mutation destroying the female function of the S-locus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Self-Incompatibility Locus Diversity of Domestic Plum (Prunus Domestica L.) using DNA-Based S-Genotyping

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irita Kota-Dombrovska ◽  
Gunārs Lācis
Keyword(s):  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Incompatibility Locus

There is limited information on genetics of self-incompatibility in domestic plum (P. domestica L.). In comparison with other Prunus species, there are no S-allele specific markers for the identification of compatibility groups, and thus, genetic diversity of self-compatibility genes is not clear. Six S-locus-specific markers previously used for other Prunus species were used to study genetics of self-compatibility of plums, and 33 domestic plum cultivars were genotyped. The applied primer pairs showed good transferability among Prunus species and showed high diversity in the tested plant material (14-37 alleles per marker, average observed heterozygocity - 0.953). Applification of the tested primer pairs allowed discrimination of all plum cultivars by unique S-genotypes. Based on the obtained results, primer pairs EM-PC2consFD/ EM-PC3cons RD, PasPcons-F1/ PaC1cons-R1 and F-Box50A/ F-Box intronR are suggested as supplementary markers for characterisation and identification of plum germplasm with potential functional relevance. Although the markers used did not strictly distinguish plum cultivars according to compatibility groups (selfcompatible, partly self-compatible and self-incompatible), group-unique amplification fragments were identified, which can serve as a baseline in further development of specific markers.

Assessment of Mating System in Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris (Asteraceae) Populations

Helia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (72) ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Agustina Gutierrez ◽  
Daiana Scaccia Baffigi ◽  
Monica Poverene
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles ◽  
Crop Area

AbstractHelianthus annuus subsp. annuus and H. petiolaris are wild North American species that have been naturalized in central Argentina. They have a sporophytic self-incompatibility genetic system that prevent self-fertilization but the occurrence of self-compatible plants in Argentina was observed in both species and could in part explain their highly invasive ability. Their geographical distribution coincides with the major crop area. The domestic sunflower is self-compatible, can hybridize with both species and presents a considerable amount of gene flow. The aim of this study is to understand the self-incompatibility mechanism in both wild Helianthus species. Reciprocal crossing and seed production were used to identify self-compatible genotypes, the number and distribution of self-incompatibility alleles within populations and the type and extent of allelic interactions in the pollen and pistil. The behaviour of S alleles within each population was explained by five functional S alleles and one non-functional allele in each species, differing in their presence and frequency within accessions. In both species, the allelic interactions were of dominance/recessiveness and codominance in pollen, whereas it was only codominance in the pistil. Inbreeding effects in wild materials appeared in the third generation of self-pollination, with lethal effects in most plants. The number of S alleles is low and they behave in a similar way of other Asteraceae species. The self-compatibility was addressed to non-functional S alleles introgressed in wild Helianthus plants through gene flow from self-compatible sunflower.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Common S Haplotype BnS-6 in the Self-Incompatibility of Brassica napus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2186
Author(s):  
Zhiquan Liu ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Changbin Gao ◽  
Bin Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
S Haplotype ◽  
Self Compatibility

Self-incompatibility (SI) is a pollen-stigma recognition system controlled by a single and highly polymorphic genetic locus known as the S-locus. The S-locus exists in all Brassica napus (B. napus, AACC), but natural B. napus accessions are self-compatible. About 100 and 50 S haplotypes exist in Brassica rapa (AA) and Brassica oleracea (CC), respectively. However, S haplotypes have not been detected in B. napus populations. In this study, we detected the S haplotype distribution in B. napus and ascertained the function of a common S haplotype BnS-6 through genetic transformation. BnS-1/BnS-6 and BnS-7/BnS-6 were the main S haplotypes in 523 B. napus cultivars and inbred lines. The expression of SRK in different S haplotypes was normal (the expression of SCR in the A subgenome affected the SI phenotype) while the expression of BnSCR-6 in the C subgenome had no correlation with the SI phenotype in B. napus. The BnSCR-6 protein in BnSCR-6 overexpressed lines was functional, but the self-compatibility of overexpressed lines did not change. The low expression of BnSCR-6 could be a reason for the inactivation of BnS-6 in the SI response of B. napus. This study lays a foundation for research on the self-compatibility mechanism and the SI-related breeding in B. napus.

scholarly journals RAPDs na caracterização genético-molecular e no estudo da variabilidade genética de cultivares de ameixeira

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valmor João Bianchi ◽  
José Carlos Fachinello ◽  
Márcia Wulff Schuch
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Prunus Salicina

Marcadores moleculares têm sido amplamente utilizados nas mais variadas espécies frutíferas para análise de "fingerprinting", para o processo de certificação de material vegetal e como ferramenta auxiliar em programas de melhoramento genético, para acessar a variabilidade genética entre genótipos. Dado a importância da cultura da ameixeira para a região Sul do Brasil, o presente trabalho teve por finalidade contribuir para a caracterização genético-molecular de 17 cultivares. As cultivares foram analisadas com 12 marcadores RAPD, que produziram 187 polimorfismos. O marcador OP A20 foi o mais polimórfico, produzindo 26 perfis diferentes. A análise de agrupamento, realizada com o método UPGMA, produziu um dendrograma que permitiu uma clara separação das cultivares em três grupos, correspondentes às suas respectivas espécies, Prunus salicina, Prunus domestica e Prunus cerasifera. O alto grau de polimorfismo detectado pelos marcadores RAPD confirma o potencial da técnica na análise de "fingerprinting" e sua utilidade na estimativa da variabilidade genética entre cultivares de ameixeira.

scholarly journals Breeding Systems in Diploid and Polyploid Hawthorns (Crataegus): Evidence from Experimental Pollinations of C. monogyna, C. subsphaerica, and Natural Hybrids

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Dominika Vašková ◽  
Vladislav Kolarčik
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Crossing Experiments ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
First Time

Background and Objectives: Polyploidisation and frequent hybridisation play an important role in speciation processes and evolutionary history and have a large impact on reproductive systems in the genus Crataegus. Reproductive modes in selected diploid and polyploid taxa in eastern Slovakia were investigated and analysed for the first time. Materials and Methods: Diploid, triploid, and tetraploid hawthorns were tested for self-pollination, self-compatibility, and self-fertilisation. Pollination experiments were performed within and between diploid and triploid species to determine the possibilities and directions of pollen transfer under natural conditions. Seeds from crossing experiments and open pollinations were analysed using the flow cytometric seed screen method. Results: These experiments demonstrated that sexual reproduction, cross-pollination, and self-incompatibility are typical of the diploid species Crataegus monogyna and C. kyrtostyla. Seeds produced by self-fertile tetraploid C. subsphaerica were derived from both meiotically reduced and unreduced megagametophytes. Conclusions: Experimental results concerning triploid C. subsphaerica and C. laevigata × C. subsphaerica are ambiguous but suggest that seeds are almost exclusively created through apomixis, although a few sexually generated seeds were observed. In the genus Crataegus, pseudogamy is a common feature of polyploid taxa, as in all cases pollination is essential for regular seed development. Research Highlights: We suggest that all studied Crataegus taxa produce reduced pollen irrespective of ploidy level. Moreover, we emphasise that triploids produce apparently aneuploid pollen grains as a result of irregular meiosis. They are also capable of utilising pollen from 2x, 3x, or 4x donors for pseudogamous formation of endosperm.

scholarly journals A Low Transcriptional Level of Se-RNase in the Se -haplotype Confers Self-compatibility in Japanese Plum

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Watari ◽  
Toshio Hanada ◽  
Hisayo Yamane ◽  
Tomoya Esumi ◽  
Ryutaro Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Japanese Plum ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Most commercial cultivars of japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) exhibit S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI), although some self-compatible (SC) cultivars exist. In this study, we characterized S-RNase and SFB, the pistil and pollen S determinants of the specificity of the GSI reaction, respectively, from four S-haplotypes, including a SC (Se ) and three SI (Sa , Sb , and Sc ) S-haplotypes of japanese plum. The genomic organization and structure of the SC Se-haplotype appear intact, because the relative transcriptional orientation of its S-RNase and SFB and their intergenetic distance are similar to those of the other three SI S-haplotypes of japanese plum and other Prunus L. species. Furthermore, there is no apparent defect in the DNA sequences of Se-RNase and SFBe . However, a series of transcriptional analyses, including real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, showed that the Se-RNase transcript levels in the pistil are significantly lower than those of the Sa-, Sb-, and Sc-RNases, although transcripts of SFBa , SFBb , SFBc , and SFBe are present at similar levels in pollen. Furthermore, no Se-RNase spot was detected in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of stylar extracts of the cultivars with the Se-haplotype. We discuss the possible molecular basis of SC observed with the Se -haplotype with special reference to the insufficient Se-RNase accumulation incited by the very low transcriptional level of Se-RNase in pistils.

scholarly journals 483 Identification of S-RNase in Tetraploid Sour Cherry

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 477D-477
Author(s):  
H. Yamane ◽  
R. Tao ◽  
A. Sugiura ◽  
N. Hauck ◽  
A. Iezzoni
Keyword(s):  
Cdna Clone ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Mapping Populations

Most fruit tree species of Prunus exhibit gametophytic self-incompatibility, which is controlled by a single locus with multiple alleles (S-alleles). One interesting aspect of gametophytic self-incompatibility is that it commonly “breaks down” as a result of polyploidy, resulting in self-compatible individuals. This phenomenon is exhibited in the diploid sweet cherry (P. avium) and the tetraploid sour cherry (P. cerasus), in which most cultivars are self-compatible. Recently, S-gene products in pistil of Prunus species were shown to be S-RNases. As sour cherry is one Prunus species, it is likely to possess S-alleles encoding pistil S-RNases. To confirm this, we surveyed stylar extracts of 11 sour cherry cultivars, including six self-compatible and five self-incompatible cultivars, by 2D-PAGE. As expected, all 11 cultivars tested yielded glycoprotein spots similar to S-RNases of other Prunus species in terms of Mr, immunological characteristics, and N-terminal sequences. A cDNA clone encoding one of these glycoproteins was cloned from the cDNA library constructed from styles with stigmas of a self-compatible cultivar, `Erdi Botermo'. Deduced amino acid sequence from the cDNA clone contained two active sites of T2/S type RNases and five conserved regions of rosaceous S-RNases. In order to determine the inheritance of self-incompatibility and S-allele diversity in sour cherry, we conducted genomic DNA blot analysis for sour cherry germplasm collections and mapping populations in MSU using the cDNA as a probe. To date, it appears as if self-compatibility in sour cherry is not simply controlled by a self-fertile allele as demonstrated in other Prunus species.

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