Spore Germination of Three Tree Fern Species in Response to Light, Water Potential, and Canopy Openness

Abstract:Abundance and physiology of three understorey tree fern species were compared in a Mexican cloud forest. We hypothesized that the distribution of species would be associated with canopy openness and leaf physiological characteristics. In gullies (1–2% full sun), Alsophila firma was abundant, Cyathea divergens was distributed in moderately open places (4–9%), and Lophosoria quadripinnata preferred more open canopy (9–30%). Although 11 leaf traits of five plants of each species growing under closed and open canopies over 1 y did not differ within species, there were significant interspecific differences. Alsophila firma had comparatively low maximum electron transport rate ETRmax (26.8 ± 1.81 μmol m−2 s−1) and ETR light saturation point (ETRLSP: 261 ± 36.1 μmol m−2 s−1), high specific leaf area (SLA), thin leaves and decreased quantum yield during a leaf desiccation experiment. Cyathea divergens had relatively high maximum quantum yield (0.84 ± 0.004), ETRmax (37.3 ± 1.8 μmol m−2 s−1) and ETRLSP (409 ± 40.0 μmol m−2 s−1). Lophosoria quadripinnata had comparatively thick leaves, low SLA, high predawn water potential, high density (606 ± 25.5 mm−2) and small length (0.026 ± 0.002 mm) stomata. The results support the hypothesis that light sensitivity shapes tree fern distribution in the cloud forest.

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Effects of water potential on spore germination and viability of Fusarium species

Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s10295-008-0441-7 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (11) ◽

pp. 1411-1418 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

D. Palmero Llamas ◽

M. de Cara Gonzalez ◽

C. Iglesias Gonzalez ◽

G. Ruíz Lopez ◽

J. C. Tello Marquina

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Fusarium Species

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Effect of soil water potential on spore germination by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Transactions of the British Mycological Society ◽

10.1016/s0007-1536(84)80136-9 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 193-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

I.C. Tommerup

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Water Potential ◽

Soil Water ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular

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Three new scaly tree fern species (Cyathea-Cyatheaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone and their biogeographic context

American Fern Journal ◽

10.1640/afj-d-16-00002.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 106 (3) ◽

pp. 175-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marcus Lehnert ◽

Adrian Tejedor

Keyword(s):

Tree Fern ◽

Fern Species

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Study on Gametophytes of Four Species of Maiden Hair Ferns (Adiantum L.) and Their Systematic Implications

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb11310471 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 455-461

Author(s):

Sanatombi Devi YUMKHAM ◽

Sumitra SALAM ◽

Sandhyarani D. KHOMDRAM

Keyword(s):

Spore Germination ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Key To Species ◽

Tree Fern ◽

Adaxial Surface ◽

Adiantum Capillus Veneris ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

Natural Media

Matured spores of four (4) species of maiden hair ferns namely, Adiantum capillus-veneris L., A. caudatum L., A. edgeworthii Hook. and A. incisum Forssk. were collected and grown in petri-dishes containing natural media formed by mixing dead wood of tree fern (Cyathea Sm.), sand and charcoal powder (2:1:1). The cultures in triplicates for each species were monitored every day from the stage of sowing to the chimera formation. After disintegration of gametophytes, juvenile sporophytes were shifted to pots and morphological characters were studied till the dehiscence of sporangia. Spore germination initiated between 4-6 days for A. capillus-veneris, 7-9 days in A. caudatum and A. incisum and 10-12 days in A. edgeworthii. Prothallia in all the Adiantum are autotrophic, Vittaria type, cordate-shaped, homosporous with antheridia developing earlier than archegonia and remain confined on the adaxial surface. The gametophytes showed considerable variation in their shapes, orientation of lobes, presence or absence of hairs and placement of sex organs on the prothallia. The gametophytic and sporophytic characters are correlated and used in structuring key to species. The study concludes that gametophytic characters also constitute a dependable criterion for assessing their systematics.

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Microsatellite markers designed for tree-fern species Dicksonia sellowiana

Biologia Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s10535-013-0311-7 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 563-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. G. Nazareno ◽

P. C. S. Angelo ◽

V. C. Muschner ◽

J. Santos ◽

A. D. Schlindwein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Tree Fern ◽

Fern Species

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Cyathea brunoniana - Two confused Indian tree-fern species and proposing the conservation of Wallich’s and Hooker’s application of the name

Indian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.54207/bsmps1000-2018-057346 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 329-335

Author(s):

Christopher Roy Fraser-Jenkins ◽

◽

Bhupendra Singh Kholia ◽

Keyword(s):

Distinct Species ◽

Local Distribution ◽

Tree Fern ◽

Specific Epithet ◽

Sufficient Detail ◽

Tree Ferns ◽

Fern Species ◽

Lack Of Knowledge

The specific epithet brunoniana has been applied since long to two very distinct species of Cyathea (tree-ferns) in India, belonging to different subgenera, or as preferred by some recent authors, microgenera, Alsophila and Sphaeropteris. Serious nomenclatural confusion has been caused by failure to take into account the two different applications of the name and by hasty misapplication, combined with lack of knowledge of the morpho-taxonomy of the two species and of their ecology and local distribution in India. It is shown here that Alsophila brunoniana Wall. and Cyathea brunoniana (C.B.Clarke) C.B.Clarke & Baker are independent names for two quite different species, which in the genus Cyathea should be known as C. sollyana Griff. and C. brunoniana if following the ICN. However due to the confusion concerning the application of the epithet brunoniana and its unavailability for use in the genus Cyathea for the species now more widely so named, it is intended to propose to conserve the name Cyathea brunoniana (Wall.) Fraser-Jenk. against Cyathea brunoniana (C.B.Clarke) C.B. Clarke & Baker. Doing so will allow use of the name Cyathea brunoniana (Wall.) Fraser-Jenk. & Kholia instead of the little known name C. sollyana; and C. chinensis Copel. instead of Clarke & Baker’s C. brunoniana. This eventual intended nomenclature was used by Holttum (1965), but with different authorities for the former name and without looking into the nomenclatural problems re preoccupation of Cyathea brunoniana in sufficient detail.

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Photocontrol of spore germination and elementary processes of development in fern gametophytes

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0269727000007892 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 86 ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Masaki Furuya

Keyword(s):

Spore Germination ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Elementary Processes ◽

Near Ultraviolet ◽

Physiological Capacity ◽

Polarised Light ◽

Fern Species ◽

Spore Population ◽

Fern Gametophytes

SynopsisSpore germination and the subsequent processes of development in fern gametophytes such as the induction, swelling and phototropism and protonemal growth and the progression of component phases in the cell cycle are antagonistically regulated by phytochrome and chemically unknown, blue and near-ultraviolet light-absorbing pigment(s). The physiological capacity to adjust these developmental processes to the seasonal and other environmental changes by wavelength, timing and direction of irradiations with near-ultraviolet, visible and far-red lights and also the electric vector of polarised light, is crucial for fern development. The diversity of Pfr requirement and of recovery time from blue light-induced inhibition in a spore population results in variations in the timing of spore germination, so that wild fern species may find a chance for survival under natural conditions. Photocontrolled processes are differentiated temporally and spatially in the course of fern morphogenesis, especially in the haploid generation. Using this material, the premitotic positioning of the nucleus and protein synthesis were studied.

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