scholarly journals AN EAST-WEST COMPARISON OF MIGRATION IN NORTH AMERICAN WOOD WARBLERS

The Condor ◽  
10.1650/7805 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Kelly ◽  
Richard L. Hutto
Author(s):  
Daniel Alexander Bishop ◽  
A Park Williams ◽  
Richard Seager ◽  
Edward Cook ◽  
Dorothy Peteet ◽  
...  

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Kelly ◽  
Richard L. Hutto

Abstract That western and eastern songbird migration routes are distinct ecological systems has been proposed for over 100 years. Nonetheless, this distinction has not been widely recognized nor have there been any comparative studies that quantitatively evaluate the differences and similarities between western and eastern songbird migration systems. We drew from previously published research on wood warblers to highlight patterns in stopover ecology that suggest fundamental differences between western and eastern migrants. In particular, we compared biogeography, evolutionary relationships, and stopover ecology of wood warblers from western and eastern North America and found: (1) multiple lines of evidence that indicate western wood warblers are geographically isolated from eastern conspecifics or congeners throughout the annual cycle, (2) eastern and western wood warbler taxa are distinct evolutionary units, (3) migrant wood warblers captured in the Southwest tended to carry lower fat loads and be comprised of more after-hatch-year birds than is typical of eastern migrants, (4) frugivory is unknown in wood warblers endemic to the Northwest or Southwest and (5) relative to other regions and seasons, riparian vegetation is heavily used by western wood warblers in the spring. We think that further examination and synthesis of these differences would yield a more mechanistic understanding of Nearctic-Neotropical avian migration. On this basis, we elaborate our view that (1) an improved understanding of western songbird migration ought to be a high priority for science, conservation, and education, and (2) large-scale coordinated research efforts would be the most effective strategy for advancing our knowledge of passerine migration in the West. Una Comparación Este-Oeste de la Migración de las Reinitas de Bosque (Parulidae) de Norte América Resumen. Por más de 100 años se ha propuesto que las rutas de migración de aves paseriformes del este y del oeste son sistemas ecológicos diferentes. Sin embargo, esta distinción no ha sido reconocida ampliamente, ni se han realizado estudios comparativos que evalúen cuantitativamente las diferencias y similitudes entre los sistemas de migración del este y del oeste. Revisamos estudios previamente publicados sobre aves de bosque de la familia Parulidae (Reinitas) para destacar los patrones ecológicos de las paradas migratorias que sugieran diferencias fundamentales entre las aves paseriformes migratorias el este y del oeste. Particularmente, comparamos la biogeografía, las relaciones evolutivas y la ecología de las paradas migratorias de las Reinitas del este y del oeste de Norteamérica y encontramos: (1) múltiples líneas de evidencia que indican que las Reinitas del oeste se encuentran geográficamente aisladas de sus coespecíficos o cogenéricos del este durante todo el ciclo anual, (2) los taxa del este y del oeste son unidades evolutivas independientes, (3) las Reinitas migratorias capturadas en el suroeste tendieron a presentar menores cargas de grasa y una mayor proporción de aves eclosionadas durante el año, que lo es típicamente observado para las aves migratorias del este, (4) la frugivoría no se conoce en las Reinitas endémicas del noroeste o sudoeste y (5) en relación a otras regiones o estaciones, la vegetación riparia es usada intensamente durante la primavera por las Reinitas del oeste. Creemos que estudios adicionales y una síntesis de estas diferencias podrían producir un mejor entendimiento mecanístico de la migración Neártico-Neotropical de aves. Basados en esto, sugerimos que (1) un mejor entendimiento de la migración de aves paserinas del oeste debería tener alta prioridad para la ciencia, conservación y educación y (2) que los esfuerzos de investigación coordinados a gran escala serían la estrategia más efectiva para progresar en nuestro conocimiento sobre la migración de las aves paserinas en el oeste.


Ibis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD H. BURTT ◽  
JACK P. HAILMAN
Keyword(s):  

Bird-Banding ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Patten ◽  
Jutta C Burger

The Tennessee (Vermivora peregrina), Cape May (Dendroica tigrina), Bay-breasted (D. castanea), and Canada (Wilsonia canadensis) warblers and the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) appear to show positive numerical responses to outbreaks of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana); the Magnolia (D. magnolia), Black-throated Green (D. virens), and Blackburnian (D. fusca) warblers may occur in lower numbers during outbreaks because of increased competition with these budworm specialists. Thus, we predicted that the number of fall vagrant Tennessee, Cape May, and Bay-breasted warblers and Ovenbirds occurring in California are highly positively associated with budworm population density, positively intercorrelated, and negatively associated with numbers of Magnolia, Black-throated Green, and Blackburnian warblers. A 23-year (1972-1994) data set of budworm population densities and vagrant warbler occurrences in California showed that (i) budworm population density was an excellent predictor (explaining about 50% of the variance) of numbers of occurrences of the Cape May, Bay-breasted, and Canada warblers; (ii) all warbler species tended to co-occur, with numbers of Cape May and Bay-breasted warblers especially highly intercorrelated; and (iii) Magnolia Warbler numbers were negatively associated with those of budworm specialists, but Black-throated Green and Blackburnian warblers showed no association.


2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlei Lu ◽  
Wenchun Han

China is now the world’s largest source of international students. In terms of learning performance, Chinese graduate students studying in North America exhibit distinct differences from students who are born and raised in North America. Conflicting cultural values compel Chinese students to reconcile East-West cultures, and put an onus on North American instructors to implement culturally-sensitive pedagogy. Employing the theoretic framework of yin-yang theory, this paper examines Chinese graduate students’ classroom performance against the backdrop of East-West cultural negotiation, and specifically seeks to identify which factors inhibit Chinese graduate students’ participation in North American classrooms. Drawing from their own living experiences, the authors employ self-study in the methodological form of narrative inquiry – in conjunction with references from existing literature – to investigate Chinese graduates’ classroom challenges. Results reveal six factors impacting students’ classroom performance: language; knowledge of the education system; knowledge of the social system; personality; influence of traditional culture; and social/economic/political changes. Future research directions are also suggested.Key words: Chinese graduates, East-West, cross-culture, North America, classroom involvement, self-study 


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