scholarly journals Fungal contamination and the levels of mycotoxins (Don and Ota) in cereal samples from poland and east slovakia

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Čonková ◽  
A. Laciaková ◽  
ŠtyriakI ◽  
L. Czerwiecki ◽  
G. Wilczinska
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Wheat Sample ◽  
Cereal Samples ◽  
Mould Contamination

The cereal samples were taken immediately after harvest from the selected localities of Poland(45 samples) and East Slovakia(60 samples). Fungal contamination of these samples was investigated and subsequently the presence of two important mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA), was quantitatively examined. Concerning mould contamination, no difference was observed between the samples from Polandand East Slovakia. The highest incidence was observed of Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium genera. However, most of the investigated samples of wheat, rye, and barley contained less than 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/g. The limit 750 ppb for DON in cereals and their products, recommended by the European Mycotoxin Awareness Network (EMAN), was exceeded only by one wheat sample (4.5%) fromPoland, but by seven wheat samples (14.6%) fromSlovakia. None cereal sample investigated for OTA exceeded the allowed limit &ndash; 5 &micro;g/kg.

scholarly journals Evaluation of fungal contamination and ochratoxin A detection in different types of coffee by HPLC‐based method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Pakshir ◽  
Andishe Dehghani ◽  
Hasti Nouraei ◽  
Zahra Zareshahrabadi ◽  
Kamiar Zomorodian
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Occurrence of Fungi and Fungal Toxins in Fish Feed during Storage

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Constanze Pietsch ◽  
Georg Müller ◽  
Sulayman Mourabit ◽  
Simon Carnal ◽  
Kasun Bandara
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fungal Toxins ◽  
Fish Feeds

Periods of unfavorable storing conditions can lead to changes in the quality of fish feeds, as well as the development of relevant mycotoxins. In the present study, a commercial fish feed was stored under defined conditions for four weeks. The main findings indicate that even storing fish feeds under unsuitable conditions for a short duration leads to a deterioration in quality. Mycotoxin and fungal contamination were subsequently analyzed. These investigations confirmed that different storage conditions can influence the presence of fungi and mycotoxins on fish feed. Notably, ochratoxin A (OTA) was found in samples after warm (25 °C) and humid (>60% relative humidity) treatment. This confirms the importance of this compound as a typical contaminant of fish feed and reveals how fast this mycotoxin can be formed in fish feed during storage.

scholarly journals The effect of fungicide treatment on mycotoxin content and yield parameters of wheat

2011 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Ferenc Bagi ◽  
Marija Bodroza-Solarov ◽  
Ferenc Balaz ◽  
Jasna Mastilovic ◽  
Vera Stojsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Triazole Fungicide ◽  
Yield Parameters

Effects of treatment with triazole fungicide were evaluated on 14 wheat genotypes with respect to mycotoxin (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol), yield, 1000 kernel weight and hectoliter weight. Mycopopulation of seed samples was also determined. According to the results, fungicide treatment can reduce the level of mycotoxins in seed samples in order to improve the quality parameters and reduce the level of fungal contamination.

scholarly journals Grading of Fermented and Dried Cocoa Beans Using Fungal Contamination, Ergosterol Index and Ochratoxin a Production

Mycobiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Aroyeun ◽  
G. O. Adegoke ◽  
J. Varga ◽  
J. Teren
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Cocoa Beans

Simultaneous Detection of Ochratoxin A and Fumonisin B1 in Cereal Samples Using an Aptamer–Photonic Crystal Encoded Suspension Array

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (23) ◽  
pp. 11797-11802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Yue ◽  
Xu Jie ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Cao Bin ◽  
Wang Dou Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Suspension Array ◽  
Cereal Samples

Infestation and Quantification of Ochratoxigenic Fungi in Barley and Wheat Naturally Contaminated with Ochratoxin A

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1350-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIE KURUC ◽  
JUSTIN HEGSTAD ◽  
HYUN JUNG LEE ◽  
KRISTIN SIMONS ◽  
DOJIN RYU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Cereal grains are a significant source of ochratoxin A (OTA) in the human diet. Multiple ochratoxigenic Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. have been reported as contaminants on various cereal grains around the world, although relatively few species dominate in any given location. Efforts to mitigate the risk of fungal contamination and OTA accumulation can be made pre- and postharvest. Still, a rapid and reliable screening method is sought that can be used to predict the OTA level of a sample and to inform risk assessments prior to processing. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of two OTA-related indices for OTA level prediction. Infestation rates were determined by direct plating for freshly harvested and stored barley, durum, and hard red spring wheat samples (n = 139) with known OTA levels. Presumptive ochratoxigenic isolates were tested for their ability to produce OTA. The nonribosomal peptide synthase (otanpsPN) involved in OTA biosynthesis was used to quantify ochratoxigenic fungi in barley and wheat. Viable Penicillium verrucosum was present in 45% of the samples. In total, 62.7% (n = 110) of the P. verrucosum isolates tested produced OTA on dichloran yeast extract sucrose 18% glycerol agar. Both OTA level and infestation rate (r = 0.30), as well as OTA level and otanpsPN concentration (r = 0.56), were weakly correlated. Neither infestation rate nor otanpsPN concentration is a reliable predictor of OTA level in a sample.

scholarly journals Fungal contamination and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feed

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
M. Lukic ◽  
Z. Skrbic ◽  
Lj. Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Enzymatic Assay ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Feed Samples

Total fungal count, the presence of potentially toxigenic fungi and natural occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) were studied in 30 poultry feed samples (14 samples of feed for chickens and 16 samples of feed for laying hens), which were collected from different farms in Serbia at the beginning of year 2014. The total number of fungi was determined by the method of dilution and OTA was detected using the imunoadsorption enzymatic assay (ELISA). In most of the samples of chickens feed (50%) the total number of fungi was 1 - 3 x 102 CFU g-1, and in feed for laying hens the highest number of samples (37.50%) had the total fungal count from 1.4 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g -1. The species of genera Aspergillus and Penicillium were identified as producers of OTA in 21.43% and 42.86% of chickens feed samples and in 68.75% and 25% of samples of feed for laying hens. The presence of OTA was detected in 100% of samples of feed for chickens and laying hens, with average concentrations of 34.40 ?g kg-1 (feed for chickens) and 43.89 ?g kg-1 (feed for laying hens). The total fungal count and content of OTA were not above the maximum allowed quantities, even though the presence of Aspergillus and Penicillium species was found in a large number of samples (up to 68.75%). These results indicate that the tested samples of poultry feed were mycologically and mycotoxicologically correct.

Rapid simultaneous extraction and magnetic particle-based enzyme immunoassay for the parallel determination of ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1 and deoxynivalenol mycotoxins in cereal samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3602-3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Vidal ◽  
J. R. Bertolín ◽  
A. Ezquerra ◽  
S. Hernández ◽  
J. R. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Magnetic Particle ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Simultaneous Extraction ◽  
Immunochemical Determination ◽  
Cereal Samples

This work describes the development of a rapid method for the extraction and the immunochemical determination of three mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1, and ochratoxin A, from cereal samples (wheat and corn flours).

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of toxigenic and non-toxigenic fungi in samples of medicinal plants from the market

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
C.G. PEREIRA ◽  
J.R.O. SILVA ◽  
L.R. BATISTA
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Product ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

ABSTRACT:The consumption of preparations of medicinal plants has been increasing during the last decades in occidental societies. The presence of toxigenic fungi in a plant product may represent a potential risk of contamination, because of aflatoxins and ochratoxins. In this study, 12 samples of medicinal plants were analyzed in relation to the level of fungal contamination, and the presence of producers of ochratoxin A and aflatoxins was assessed by visualization of fungi using a cromatovisor in coconut milk. Most of the species found belong to the genus Cladosporium, Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Species producing ochratoxin A were present in 2 samples (16.7%), Melissa and Hibiscus. Species producing aflatoxin were found in samples of Jacaranda decurrens (8.33%). This study suggests that herbs, if stored improperly, can provide the growth of fungi and should be examined before consumption.

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